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Junit是十分好的单元测试工具,根据敏捷开发中测试驱动开发的思想,开发前应该先写单元测试和测试用例,再写实现方法,这样可以验证方法的正确与否,同时对方法重构后,执行一下写好的单元测试,也可以很明了的清楚重构是否损坏其他代码。
Eclipse默认带有junit插件,没有的说明版本太低,请自行百度Eclipse安装junit
单元测试就是单纯的测试单一功能的实现,在单元测试中,不应该依赖spring容器之类的。
在项目中导入junit,写好测试方法,前些加@Test就可以了
用eclispe开始创建测试用例
运行测试用例
集成测试可以使用spring的推荐的测试工具:spring-test.jar
也可以使用:junit
测试mybatis的dao接口
实际上是加载mybatis的配置文件,获得mybatis的sqlsessionfactory和sqlsession,再获得mapper接口对象,并执行测试方法。
public classUserMapperTest {
private static SqlSessionFactory ssf = null;
private static SqlSession sqlSession = null;
private static UserMapper mapper = null; //要测试的mapper接口对象
static {
// junit 找文件从src或WebContent上一级开始找,即classpath
try {
ssf = newSqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsReader("com/lc/config/mybatis.xml"));
sqlSession = ssf.openSession();
mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
}catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Test
public void select() {
List<User>userlist= mapper.select();
for (User user : userlist) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
@Test
public void delete() {
if (mapper.delete(1) > 0) {
sqlSession.rollback();
System.out.println("del success");
sqlSession.close();
}
}
}
测试service方法
实际上是加载spring配置,得到spring容器,在spring容器中拿到service的bean,并掉用其方法。
public classLogServiceTest {
private LogService logService;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
ClassPathXmlApplicationContextcontext= newClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
new String[] { "spring/spring-config.xml"});
context.start();
logService = context.getBean(LogService.class);
}
@Test
public void testSelectOne() {
Loglog= logService.selectOne(1);
System.out.println(log);
}
@Test
public void testSelect() {
Loglog= newLog();
List<Log>list= logService.select(log);
System.out.println(list);
}
@Test
public void testSelectByPage() {
Loglog= newLog();
PageInfo<Log>page= logService.selectByPage(log, null);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(page));
}
@Test
public void testInsert() {
Loglog=newLog();
log.setUsername("xudong");
logService.insert(log);
}
}
测试controller
这里实际上是模拟http请求去调用controller接口,判断返回的数据是否正常
public classUserControllerTest {
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
}
@Test
public void testSelectOne() throws IOException {
InputStreamis = new HttpUtil().doGet("http://localhost:8080/hotchPotch-web/system/user/selectOne?id=1");
Stringresult= newStreamUtil().inputStreamToString(is, "utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
}
class HttpUtil {
InputStream doGet(String urlstr) throws IOException {
URL url= new URL(urlstr);
HttpURLConnection conn= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36");
InputStream inputStream= conn.getInputStream();
return inputStream;
}
}
class StreamUtil {
public StringinputStreamToString(InputStream is, String charset)throwsIOException {
byte[] bytes = newbyte[1024];
int byteLength = 0;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while((byteLength = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {
sb.append(new String(bytes, 0, byteLength, charset));
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
}
说说缺点
1.每执行一个测试方法都要加载spring配置文件,如果spring容器中需要加载的bean十分多,那么十分耗时。
2.数据库数据改变后不能回滚。
优点是
1.只需加载一次spring配置文件
2.支持数据回滚
3.支持spring注入,不需要使用getBean的方式获得spring容器的bean。
Transaction中的参数是事务bean的id
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:spring/spring-config.xml"})
@Transactional(transactionManager="txManager")
public classLogServiceTest {
@Resource
private LogService logService;
@Test
public void testSelect() {
Loglog= newLog();
List<Log>list= logService.select(log);
System.out.println(list);
}
@Test
@Rollback(true)
public void testInsert() {
Loglog=newLog();
log.setUsername("xudong2");
logService.insert(log);
}
}
Java中,根据注解是可以继承的原理,我们可以抽象出加载Spring这些配置的注解在一个父类中,子类只需要专心写好测试方法就可以。
父类
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:spring/spring-config.xml"})
@Transactional(transactionManager="txManager")
public classSpringTestRunner {
}
子类
public classLogServiceTestextendsSpringTestRunner {
@Resource
private LogService logService;
@Test
public void testSelect() {
Loglog= newLog();
List<Log>list= logService.select(log);
System.out.println(list);
}
@Test
@Rollback(true)
public void testInsert() {
Loglog=newLog();
log.setUsername("xudong2");
logService.insert(log);
}
}
使用log4j输出日志
简单方法
Spring配置会自动扫描源码包下是否存在log4j.properties,只需要把log4j.properties放在源码包下就可以了
改写SpringJUnit4ClassRunner类
public classJUnit4ClassRunner extends SpringJUnit4ClassRunner {
static{
try {
Log4jConfigurer.initLogging("classpath:config/log4j.xml");
} catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
System.err.println("Cannot Initialize log4j");
}
}
publicJUnit4ClassRunner(Class<?> clazz) throwsInitializationError {
super(clazz);
}
}
测试类用SpringJUnit4ClassRunner的运行
@RunWith(JUnit4ClassRunner.class)