python3虚拟环境安装 cento
一、CentOS 上部署Python3 1、安装依赖包
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel curl epel-release gcc
2、官网下载python原码包
curl -o python3.6.tgz https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
3、解压安装
tar -xf Python-3.6.5.tgz -C /usr/local/src/
4、修改配置文件 首先进入上一步解压的目录
cd /usr/local/src/Python-3.6.5/
执行如下命令，取消对应位置的注释
sed -ri 's/^#readline/readline/' Modules/Setup.dist
sed -ri 's/^#(SSL=)/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist
sed -ri 's/^#(_ssl)/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist
sed -ri 's/^#([\t]*-DUSE)/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist
sed -ri 's/^#([\t]*-L\$(SSL))/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist
5、开始编译安装
./configure --enable-shared
--enable-shared 指定安装共享库,共享库在使用用其他需调用用python的软件时会用用到,比比如使用用mod_wgsi连接Apache与python时需要
make -j 2 && make install
-j cpu核心心数
6、配置共享库文文件
1）为所有用用户设置共享库目目录 #cd /usr/local/src/Python-3.6.5/ #cp libpython3.6m.so.1.0 /usr/local/lib64/ #cp libpython3.6m.so.1.0 /usr/lib/ #cp libpython3.6m.so.1.0 /usr/lib64/ 2）刷新环境变量 #source /etc/profile
7、测试python
python3
Python 3.6.5 (default, Mar 29 2019, 17:13:23) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
exit()
8、测试 pip3
pip3 -V
pip 9.0.3 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)
二、使用第三方的虚拟工具 Virtualenvwrapper 2.1 安装virtualenvwrapper 提供了一系列命令使得和虚拟环境⼯作变得愉快许多。它把你所有的虚拟环境都放在一个地方。更重要的是，你只需运行一个命令即可进入到你的虚拟环境，就不必像之前需要先进如虚拟环境的目录下安装（确保 virtualenv 已经安装了）
pip3 install virtualenvwrapper
2.2 修改默认的环境目录:
cat ~/.bashrc
.bashrc
User specific aliases and functions
alias rm='rm -i' alias cp='cp -i' alias mv='mv -i'
Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi #指定解释器 export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/local/bin/python3.6 #这个可以自定义 虚拟环境存放目录 export WORKON_HOME=~/.virtualenv #项目存放目录，需要自己创建 export PROJECT_HOME=~/.virtualenv/project_data #自动加载virtualenvmrapper source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
2.3 创建存放虚拟环境的目录 mkdir ~/.virtualenv
此目录应该和上面的 WORKON_HOME 变量的值相同
2.4 初始化一下
source ~/.bashrc
2.5 基本使用： 创建一个虚拟环境：
mkvirtualenv test
2.6 退出虚拟环境: deactivate [root@redis ld.so.conf.d]# workon test (test) [root@redis test]# deactivate
2.7 进入虚拟环境: [root@redis ld.so.conf.d]# workon python3 test [root@redis ld.so.conf.d]# workon test (test) [root@redis test]#
2.8 创建项目： (test) [root@redis test]# mkproject test1 Using base prefix '/usr/local' New python executable in /root/.virtualenv/test1/bin/python3.6 Also creating executable in /root/.virtualenv/test1/bin/python Installing setuptools, pip, wheel... done. virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenv/test1/bin/predeactivate virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenv/test1/bin/postdeactivate virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenv/test1/bin/preactivate virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenv/test1/bin/postactivate virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenv/test1/bin/get_env_details Creating /root/.virtualenv/project_data/test1 Setting project for test1 to /root/.virtualenv/project_data/test1 (test1) [root@redis test1]# ls (test1) [root@redis test1]# ls /root/.virtualenv/project_data/ test test1
2.9 列出可用的运行环境： (test1) [root@redis test1]# lsvirtualenv python3
test1
test
2.10列出当前环境安装的包： lssitepackages： (test1) [root@redis test1]# lssitepackages easy_install.py pip-19.0.3.dist-info pycache setuptools-40.8.0.dist-info wheel-0.33.1.dist-info pip pkg_resources setuptools wheel
2.11 创建临时运行环境： mktmpenv [root@redis test1]# mktmpenv Using base prefix '/usr/local' New python executable in /root/.virtualenv/tmp-4aa130f4957b04a/bin/python3.6 Also creating executable in /root/.virtualenv/tmp-4aa130f4957b04a/bin/python Installing setuptools, pip, wheel... done. virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenv/tmp-4aa130f4957b04a/bin/predeactivate virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenv/tmp-4aa130f4957b04a/bin/postdeactivate virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenv/tmp-4aa130f4957b04a/bin/preactivate virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenv/tmp-4aa130f4957b04a/bin/postactivate virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenv/tmp-4aa130f4957b04a/bin/get_env_details This is a temporary environment. It will be deleted when you run 'deactivate'.
2.12 临时环境退出即删除： (tmp-4aa130f4957b04a) [root@redis tmp-4aa130f4957b04a]# deactivate Removing temporary environment: tmp-4aa130f4957b04a Removing tmp-4aa130f4957b04a...
2.13 删除虚拟环境： rmvirtualenv [root@redis .virtualenv]# workon python3 test1 test [root@redis .virtualenv]# rmvirtualenv python3 Removing python3... [root@redis .virtualenv]# workon test1 test
2.14 在虚拟环境安装包 所有的虚拟环境都在 ~/.virtualenv/project_data下，都是独立的，互不影响，在虚拟环境中安装包，使用pip即可，无需root权限 [root@redis .virtualenv]# workon test (test) [root@redis test]# pip install selenium Collecting selenium Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/80/d6/4294f0b4bce4de0abf13e17190289f9d0613b0a44e5dd6a7f5ca98459853/selenium-3.141.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (904kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 911kB 15kB/s Collecting urllib3 (from selenium) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/62/00/ee1d7de624db8ba7090d1226aebefab96a2c71cd5cfa7629d6ad3f61b79e/urllib3-1.24.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (118kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 122kB 11kB/s Installing collected packages: urllib3, selenium Successfully installed selenium-3.141.0 urllib3-1.24.1
(test) [root@redis test]# pip list Package Version
pip 19.0.3 selenium 3.141.0 setuptools 40.8.0 urllib3 1.24.1 wheel 0.33.1 (test) [root@redis test]# deactivate
切换到env_python3.6查看《没有selenium包》： [root@redis test]# workon test1 (test1) [root@redis test1]# pip list Package Version
pip 19.0.3 setuptools 40.8.0 wheel 0.33.1