Python正则表达式的用法
网上看到不错,转来了.
下面列出Python正则表达式的几种匹配用法：
1.测试正则表达式是否匹配字符串的全部或部分
regex=ur"" #正则表达式if re.search(regex, subject): do_something()else: do_anotherthing() |
|---|
2.测试正则表达式是否匹配整个字符串
regex=ur"\Z" #正则表达式末尾以\Z结束if re.match(regex, subject): do_something()else: do_anotherthing() |
|---|
3.创建一个匹配对象，然后通过该对象获得匹配细节(Create an object with details about how the regex matches (part of) a string)
regex=ur"" #正则表达式 match = re.search(regex, subject)if match: # match start: match.start() # match end (exclusive): atch.end() # matched text: match.group() do_something()else: do_anotherthing() |
|---|
4.获取正则表达式所匹配的子串(Get the part of a string matched by the regex)
regex=ur"" #正则表达式 match = re.search(regex, subject)if match: result = match.group()else: result = "" |
|---|
5. 获取捕获组所匹配的子串(Get the part of a string matched by a capturing group)
regex=ur"" #正则表达式 match = re.search(regex, subject)if match: result = match.group(1)else: result = "" |
|---|
6. 获取有名组所匹配的子串(Get the part of a string matched by a named group)
regex=ur"" #正则表达式 match = re.search(regex, subject) if match: result = match.group"groupname") else: result = "" |
|---|
7. 将字符串中所有匹配的子串放入数组中(Get an array of all regex matches in a string)
result = re.findall(regex, subject) |
|---|
8.遍历所有匹配的子串(Iterate over all matches in a string)
for match in re.finditer(r"<(.*?)\s*.*?/\1>", subject) # match start: match.start() # match end (exclusive): atch.end() # matched text: match.group() |
|---|
9.通过正则表达式字符串创建一个正则表达式对象(Create an object to use the same regex for many operations)
reobj = re.compile(regex) |
|---|
10.用法１的正则表达式对象版本（use regex object for if/else branch whether (part of) a string can be matched）
reobj = re.compile(regex)if reobj.search(subject): do_something()else: do_anotherthing() |
|---|
11.用法２的正则表达式对象版本（use regex object for if/else branch whether a string can be matched entirely）
reobj = re.compile(r"\Z") ＃正则表达式末尾以\Z 结束if reobj.match(subject): do_something()else: do_anotherthing() |
|---|
12.创建一个正则表达式对象，然后通过该对象获得匹配细节（Create an object with details about how the regex object matches (part of) a string）
reobj = re.compile(regex) match = reobj.search(subject)if match: # match start: match.start() # match end (exclusive): atch.end() # matched text: match.group() do_something()else: do_anotherthing() |
|---|
13.用正则表达式对象获取匹配子串（Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by the regex）
reobj = re.compile(regex) match = reobj.search(subject)if match: result = match.group()else: result = "" |
|---|
14.用正则表达式对象获取捕获组所匹配的子串（Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by a capturing group）
reobj = re.compile(regex) match = reobj.search(subject)if match: result = match.group(1)else: result = "" |
|---|
15.用正则表达式对象获取有名组所匹配的子串（Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by a named group）
reobj = re.compile(regex) match = reobj.search(subject)if match: result = match.group("groupname")else: result = "" |
|---|
16.用正则表达式对象获取所有匹配子串并放入数组（Use regex object to get an array of all regex matches in a string）
reobj = re.compile(regex) result = reobj.findall(subject) |
|---|
17.通过正则表达式对象遍历所有匹配子串（Use regex object to iterate over all matches in a string）
reobj = re.compile(regex)for match in reobj.finditer(subject): # match start: match.start() # match end (exclusive): match.end() # matched text: match.group() |
|---|
字符串替换
1.替换所有匹配的子串
#用newstring替换subject中所有与正则表达式regex匹配的子串 result = re.sub(regex, newstring, subject) |
|---|
2.替换所有匹配的子串（使用正则表达式对象）
reobj = re.compile(regex) result = reobj.sub(newstring, subject) |
|---|
字符串拆分
1.字符串拆分
result = re.split(regex, subject) |
|---|
2.字符串拆分（使用正则表示式对象）
reobj=re.compile(regex)
result=reobj.split(subject)