Django REST框架构建Web API。Django网络应用开发的5项基础核心技术包括模型(Model)的设计,URL 的设计与配置,View(视图)的编写,Template(模板)的设计和Form(表单)的使用。
把Python中对象转换为json格式字符串, DRF框架对请求数据进行验证,对Queryset对象进行序列化。DRF框架 serializers 分为:第一种 Serializer;第二种 ModelSerializer。
一、安装第三方库
pip install djangorestframework ,markdown,django-filter
二、在settings.py 启用django-rest_framework
INSTALLED_APPS=[
…
'rest_framework'
]
三、序列化之Serializer
from django.db import models
class Book(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="名称", help_text="名称")
price=models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格", help_text="价格")
pub_date=models.DateField(verbose_name="出版日期", help_text="出版日期")
publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish", on_delete=models.SET_NULL, verbose_name="出版社", help_text="出版社")
authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author", verbose_name="作者", help_text="作者")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Meta:
verbose_name = "图书"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Publish(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="名称", help_text="名称")
email=models.EmailField(verbose_name="邮箱地址", help_text="邮箱地址")
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
verbose_name = "出版社"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Author(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="名字", help_text="名字")
age=models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄", help_text="年龄")
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
verbose_name = "作者"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
新建 serializers.py 文件
from rest_framework import serializers
class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
# 序列化哪个字段,必须跟数据库字段一样,都想序列化就一个一个排着写
id = serializers.CharField()
title = serializers.CharField()
price = serializers.CharField()
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class BookView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
ret = {
'code':200,
'msg':'success'
}
books = models.Book.objects.all()
# 第一个参数是要序列化的对象,如果序列化多条,必须指定many=True
books_ser = BookSerializer(instance=books,many=True)
# 当序列化的对象是单个对象的时候many=False book = models.Book.objects.all().first()
# books_ser.data 就是序列化后的结果 是个字典
print(books_ser.data)
ret['books']=books_ser.data
return Response(ret)
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