Linux / MacOS 修改 ls 显示年月日的时间格式
Linux 修改时间显示格式
本文参考转自米扑博客：Linux / MacOS 修改 ls 显示年月日的时间格式
Linux 系统的 ls 默认支持 --full-time，但是 MacOS 系统下的 ls 不支持 --full-time
1、Linux 系统下的 ls --full-time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | # ll /var/log/ | head -5 total 10024 drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 28 2014 audit -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 May 30 2018 boot.log -rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 Dec 8 19:53 btmp -rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 Dec 1 04:14 btmp-20191201 [root@mimvp-bj ~]# [root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5 total 10024 drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 2014-05-28 22:37:06.000000000 +0800 audit -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 2018-05-30 09:13:01.455403717 +0800 boot.log -rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 2019-12-08 19:53:53.303521055 +0800 btmp -rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 2019-12-01 04:14:21.953041715 +0800 btmp-20191201 |
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2、Linux 自定义日期格式 （推荐）
# Linux 下修改 .bashrc 或者 .profile , 添加 export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' 即可
1 2 3 4 5 | vim ~/.bashrc 在最后一行添加：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S' 接着，使修改的配置生效 source ~/.bashrc |
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最后，验证
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | [root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll /var/log/ | head -5 total 10024 drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 2014-05-28__22:37:06 audit -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 2018-05-30__09:13:01 boot.log -rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 2019-12-08__19:53:53 btmp -rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 2019-12-01__04:14:21 btmp-20191201 [root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5 total 10024 drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 2014-05-28 22:37:06.000000000 +0800 audit -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 2018-05-30 09:13:01.455403717 +0800 boot.log -rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 2019-12-08 19:53:53.303521055 +0800 btmp -rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 2019-12-01 04:14:21.953041715 +0800 btmp-20191201 |
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注意：
若想跟 --full-time 格式一样，显示出纳秒（秒 - 毫秒 - 微妙 - 纳秒），纳秒日期格式为：%N，详见米扑博客：Linux date日期格式及加减运算
即日志格式化：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N'
1 2 3 4 5 | vim ~/.bashrc 在最后一行添加：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N' 接着，使修改的配置生效 source ~/.bashrc |
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最后，验证
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | [root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll /var/log/ | head -5 total 10028 drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 2014-05-28__22:37:06.000000000 audit -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 2018-05-30__09:13:01.455403717 boot.log -rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 2019-12-08__19:53:53.303521055 btmp -rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 2019-12-01__04:14:21.953041715 btmp-20191201 [root@mimvp-bj ~]# [root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5 total 10028 drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 2014-05-28 22:37:06.000000000 +0800 audit -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 2018-05-30 09:13:01.455403717 +0800 boot.log -rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 2019-12-08 19:53:53.303521055 +0800 btmp -rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 2019-12-01 04:14:21.953041715 +0800 btmp-20191201 |
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Macbook 修改时间显示格式
1、Macbook（Unix）可以使用 ls -lT （增加了时分秒，但年月日格式不变）
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | yg-mac:~ homer$ ll /var/log/ | head total 243160 drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 12 19 2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 12 4 13 2018 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 19 2017 CoreDuet -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 4 21 2018 alf.log drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 10 2017 apache2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 4 21 2018 appfirewall.log yg-mac:~ homer$ yg-mac:~ homer$ yg-mac:~ homer$ ll -lT /var/log/ | head total 243160 drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 12 19 20:27:33 2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 12 4 13 23:05:38 2018 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 19 11:39:25 2017 CoreDuet -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 4 21 11:10:17 2018 alf.log drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 10 10:58:11 2017 apache2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 4 21 11:10:48 2018 appfirewall.log |
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2、Macbook（Unix）自定义日期格式（没生效，失败）
1 2 3 4 5 | vim ~/.bashrc 在最后一行添加：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M' 接着，使修改的配置生效 source ~/.bashrc |
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打印定义的变量 TIME_STYLE，并验证日期格式，没生效！失败了！！！
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | yg-mac:~ homer$ echo $TIME_STYLE +%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S yg-mac:~ homer$ yg-mac:~ homer$ ll /var/log/ | head -5 total 243688 drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 12 19 2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 12 4 13 2018 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 19 2017 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 12 8 11:00 DiagnosticMessages |
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3、Macbook（Unix）借助第三方日期格式 （成功，推荐）
格式依旧不太直观, 安装 `coreutils`, 使用 `gls`
1）brew install coreutils （注：经测试，只支持 MacOS，不支持Linux，因为MacOS下安装的 gls 本身同 Linux 下的 ls）
2）which gls
1 2 | yg-mac:~ homer$ which gls /usr/local/bin/gls |
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3）man gls （功能同 Linux 下的 ls 一样了，因为 MacOS默认ls与Linux并不同）
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 | yg-mac:~ homer$ gls --help Usage: gls [OPTION]... [FILE]... List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with . -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and .. --author with -l, print the author of each file -b, --escape print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters --block-size=SIZE with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them; e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~ -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first -C list entries by columns --color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below -d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries --file-type likewise, except do not append '*' --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso -g like -l, but do not list owner --group-directories-first group directories before files; can be augmented with a --sort option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping -G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names -h, --human-readable with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc. --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 -H, --dereference-command-line follow symbolic links listed on the command line --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A) --hyperlink[=WHEN] hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never' --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F) -i, --inode print the index number of each file -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN -k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage; used only with -s and per directory totals -l use a long listing format -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs -N, --literal print entry names without quoting -o like -l, but do not list group information -p, --indicator-style=slash append / indicator to directories -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters --show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal) -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable) -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively -s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks -S sort by file size, largest first --sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X) --time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of default modification time: atime or access or use (-u); ctime or status (-c); also use specified time as sort key if --sort=time (newest first) --time-style=TIME_STYLE time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below -t sort by modification time, newest first -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8 -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; with -l: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest first -U do not sort; list entries in directory order -v natural sort of (version) numbers within text -w, --width=COLS set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit -x list entries by lines instead of by columns -X sort alphabetically by entry extension -Z, --context print any security context of each file -1 list one file per line. Avoid '\n' with -q or -b --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit |
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上面帮助里，划重点：
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
--time-style=TIME_STYLE time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below
4）gls 使用示例
gls --full-time /var/log/ | head -5
1 2 3 4 5 6 | $ gls --full-time /var/log/ | head -5 total 122080 drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 2017-12-19 20:27:33.000000000 +0800 Bluetooth -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 12 2018-04-13 23:05:38.000000000 +0800 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 2017-10-19 11:39:25.000000000 +0800 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 2019-12-08 11:00:01.000000000 +0800 DiagnosticMessages |
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gls -l --time-style 的多种等价格式 （强烈推荐）
gls -l --time-style +'%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N' /var/log/ | head -5
gls -l --time-style "+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5
gls -l --time-style="+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | $ gls -l --time-style +'%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N' /var/log/ | head -5 total 122164 drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 2017-12-19__20:27:33.000000000 Bluetooth -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 12 2018-04-13__23:05:38.000000000 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 2017-10-19__11:39:25.000000000 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 2019-12-08__11:00:01.000000000 DiagnosticMessages $ yg-mac:~ homer$ gls -l --time-style "+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5 total 122168 drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 2017-12-19__20:27:33.000000000 Bluetooth -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 12 2018-04-13__23:05:38.000000000 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 2017-10-19__11:39:25.000000000 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 2019-12-08__11:00:01.000000000 DiagnosticMessages $ $ gls -l --time-style="+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5 total 122172 drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 2017-12-19__20:27:33.000000000 Bluetooth -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 12 2018-04-13__23:05:38.000000000 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 2017-10-19__11:39:25.000000000 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 2019-12-08__11:00:01.000000000 DiagnosticMessages |
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--time-style 的更多日期格式和参数，请见米扑博客：Linux date日期格式及加减运算
5）自定义重命名 alias （不推荐，容易混，直接使用 gls 代替 ls 即可，也很简便）
修改 .bashrc 或者 .profile
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | vim ~/.bashrc 在最后一行添加两行，并保存 alias ls="gls -G" alias ll="ls -al" 接着，使修改的配置生效 source ~/.bashrc |
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使用测试结果
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | $ ll /var/log/ | head -5 total 122256 drwxr-xr-x 69 root 2346 12 8 19:39 . drwxr-xr-x 30 root 1020 8 9 2018 .. drwxr-xr-x 3 root 102 12 19 2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r-- 1 root 12 4 13 2018 CDIS.custom $ $ ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5 total 122256 drwxr-xr-x 69 root 2346 2019-12-08 19:39:56.000000000 +0800 . drwxr-xr-x 30 root 1020 2018-08-09 23:50:36.000000000 +0800 .. drwxr-xr-x 3 root 102 2017-12-19 20:27:33.000000000 +0800 Bluetooth -rw-r--r-- 1 root 12 2018-04-13 23:05:38.000000000 +0800 CDIS.custom $ $ ls -lT gls: option requires an argument -- 'T' Try 'gls --help' for more information. |
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由上可见，重命名 alias 后的 ls 与 Linux 下的 ls 已经完全一致，即 MacOS下的 gls 同 Linux 下的 ls
但是，MacOS 原生的 ls -lT 已经报错了，这也是不推荐重命名alias，而推荐直接使用 gls 的核心所在
那么，知道错了，如何恢复呢，直接注释掉 alias ？错！
哈哈，其实很简单，可能您别惊吓到了，没想到如此简单：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | vim ~/.bashrc 在最后一行添加两行，并保存 alias ls="ls" alias ll="ls -al" 接着，使修改的配置生效 source ~/.bashrc |
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说明：ls 仍然修改回去即可，不要重命名 alias 到 gls 了，各用各的，安得其所
alias ls="ls" alias ll="ls -al"
最后，验证是否都各司其职：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | $ ll /var/log/ | head -5 total 244688 drwxr-xr-x 69 root wheel 2346 12 8 19:39 . drwxr-xr-x 30 root wheel 1020 8 9 2018 .. drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 12 19 2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 12 4 13 2018 CDIS.custom $ $ gls --full-time /var/log/ | head -5 total 122344 drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 2017-12-19 20:27:33.000000000 +0800 Bluetooth -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 12 2018-04-13 23:05:38.000000000 +0800 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 2017-10-19 11:39:25.000000000 +0800 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 2019-12-08 11:00:01.000000000 +0800 DiagnosticMessages $ $ ls -lT /var/log/ | head -5 total 244696 drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 12 19 20:27:33 2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 12 4 13 23:05:38 2018 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 19 11:39:25 2017 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 12 8 11:00:01 2019 DiagnosticMessages |
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说明：ls -lT /var/log/ | head -5 恢复正常，不报错，完美！ 成功！ 万岁！！