Elasticsearch常用查询

用户3467126

发布于 2020-03-11 15:59:07

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发布于 2020-03-11 15:59:07

文章被收录于专栏：爱编码爱编码

前言

本文使用的Elasticsearch版本为6.5.4，上文主要介绍ES的各种查询，以满足更多的需求。ES的主要功能其实就是体现在这搜索查询上，所以我就总结一下，方便以后直接拿来就用。

Query查询

# 首先做一个数据准备，创建一个索引
PUT /lib3
{
    "settings": {
        "number_of_shards": 3,
        "number_of_replicas": 0
    },
    "mappings": {
        "user": {
            "properties": {
                "name": {"type": "text"},
                "address": {"type": "text"},
                "age": {"type": "integer"},
                "interests": {"type": "text"},
                "birthday": {"type": "date"}
            }
        }
    }
}

# 添加一些文档
PUT /lib3/user/1
{
    "name": "zhaoliu",
    "address": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
    "age": 50,
    "birthday": "1970-12-12",
    "interests": "xi huan hejiu, duanlian,lvyou"
}

PUT /lib3/user/2
{
    "name": "zhaoming",
    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
    "age": 20,
    "birthday": "1998-10-12",
    "interests": "xi huan hejiu, duanlian,changge"
}

PUT /lib3/user/3
{
    "name": "lisi",
    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
    "age": 23,
    "birthday": "1998-10-12",
    "interests": "xi huan hejiu, duanlian,changge"
}

PUT /lib3/user/4
{
    "name": "wangwu",
    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
    "age": 26,
    "birthday": "1995-10-12",
    "interests": "xi huan biancheng, tingyinyue,lvyou"
}

PUT /lib3/user/5
{
    "name": "zhangsan",
    "address": "bei jing chao yang qu",
    "age": 29,
    "birthday": "1988-10-12",
    "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu"
}

# 简单查询
GET /lib3/user/_search?q=name:lisi
# 返回结果
{
    "took": 9,  			# took：当前搜索所用时间"time_out": false, 		# time_out：是否超时"_shards": {  			# shards：分片信息"total": 3,  		# 总分片数"successful": 3, 	# 请求**成功**的分片数"skipped": 0, 		# 请求**跳过**的分片数"failed": 0 		# 请求**失败**的分片数
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,  		# 查询出的文档数"max_score": 0.6931472, # 相关度分数（即查出的文档和搜索条件的匹配度，完全匹配为最大值1）"hits": [
            {
                "_index": "lib3",
                "_type": "user",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.6931472,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "lisi",
                    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
                    "age": 23,
                    "birthday": "1998-10-12",
                    "interests": "xi huan he jiu, duan lian,chang ge"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

# 简单查询# 查询兴趣是changge的人，并对age进行降序排列
GET /lib3/user/_search?q=interests:changge&sort=age:desc
# 返回结果
{
    "took": 17,
    "time_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "lib3",
                "_type": "user",
                "_id": "5",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "zhangsan",
                    "address": "bei jing chao yang qu",
                    "age": 29,
                    "birthday": "1988-10-12",
                    "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu"
                },
                "sort": [
                    29
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "lib3",
                "_type": "user",
                "_id": "5",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "lisi",
                    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
                    "age": 23,
                    "birthday": "1998-10-12",
                    "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,cahngge"
                },
                "sort": [
                    23
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "lib3",
                "_type": "user",
                "_id": "5",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "zhaoming",
                    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
                    "age": 20,
                    "birthday": "1998-10-12",
                    "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
                },
                "sort": [
                    20
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}

term查询和terms查询

term query回去倒排索引中寻找确切的term（即精准查询），它并不知道分词器的存在。这种查询适合keyword，numeric，date。

term：查询某个字段里含有某个关键词的文档 terms：查询某个字段里含有多个关键字的文档

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "term": {
            "interests": "changge"
        }
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "terms": {
            "interests": ["hejiu", "changge"] # 这里多个条件是或（即or）的关系
        }
    }
}

match查询

match query知道「分词器的存在」，会对filed进行分词操作，然后在查询

match_all：查询所有文档 multi_match：可以指定多个字段 match_phrase：短语匹配查询,Elasticsearch引擎首先分析（analyze）查询字符串，从分析后的文本中构建短语查询，这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词，并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变；

# 分词的体现# 匹配的条件越多，相似度的值将会越高
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "name": "zhaoliu zhaoming"
        }
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "age": 20
        }
    }
}
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "multi_match": {
            "query": "lvyou",
            "fields": [
                "interests",
                "name"
            ]
        }
    }
}


GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
            "interests": "duanlian, shuoxiangsheng"
        }
    }
}

指定返回的字段

_source：可在_source中设置想返回的字段

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "_source": [
        "address",
        "name"
    ],
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "interests": "changge"
        }
    }
}

控制加载的字段

includes：包含某些字段，可以使用通配符进行查询 excludes：排除某些字段，可以使用通配符进行查询

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "_source": {
        "includes": ["name", "address"],
        "excludes": ["age", "birthday"]
    },
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

# 使用通配符查询
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "_source": {
        "includes": ["addr*"],
        "excludes": ["name", "bir*"]
    },
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

排序

使用sort实现排序：desc降序 asc升序

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "sort": [
        {
            "age": {
                "order": "asc"
            }
        }
    ],
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "sort": [
        {
            "age": {
                "order": "desc"
            }
        }
    ],
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

控制查询返回的数量

from：从哪一个文档开始 size：需要的个数

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
	"from": 0,
	"size": 2,
    "query": {
        "terms": {
            "interests": ["hejiu", "changge"]
        }
    }
}

范围查询

range：实现范围查询参数：from、to、include_lower、include_upper、boost

include_lower：是否包含范围的左边界，默认是true include_upper：是否包含范围的右边界，默认是true

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "range": {
            "birthday": {
                "from": "1990-10-10",
                "to": "2018-05-01"
            }
        }
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "range": {
            "age": {
                "from": 20,
                "to": 25,
                "include_lower": true,
                "include_upper": false
            }
        }
    }
}

wildcard查询

允许使用通配符 * 和 ? 来进行查询

*：代表0个或者多个字符 ?：代表任意一个字符

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "wildcard": {
            "name": "zhao*"
        }
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "wildcard": {
            "name": "li?i"
        }
    }
}

fuzzy实现模糊查询

value：查询的关键字 boost：查询的权值，默认值是1.0 min_similarity：设置匹配的最小相似度，默认值为0.5，对于字符串，取值为0-1（包含0和1）；对于数值，取值可能大于1；对于日期类型取值为1d，1m等，1d就代表1天 prefix_length：指明区分词项的共同前缀长度，默认是0 max_expansions：查询中的词项可以扩展的数目，默认可以无限大

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "fuzzy": {
            "interests": "changge"
        }
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "fuzzy": {
            "interests": {
                "value": "chagge"# 此处changge写成了chagge，但因为模糊查询依然可以查出结果
            }
        }
    }
}

高亮搜索结果

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "interests": "changge"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields": {
            "interests": {}
        }
    }
}

返回版本号

version：当设置version为true时，查询的文档中将返回版本信息，默认情况是false（即不设置的version时）

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
	"version": true,
    "query": {
        "terms": {
            "interests": ["hejiu", "changge"]
        }
    }
}

正则表达式查询

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
         "regexp" : {
            "address" : "b[a-z]*u"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields": {
            "interests": {}
        }
    }
}

Filter查询

GET /lib7/items/_search
{
    "query":{
        "bool":{
            "filter":[
                {"terms":{"price":[25,40]}}
            ]
        }
    }
}

关于filter查询以及组合查询可以参考文章 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_25834767/article/details/84642051

https://www.cnblogs.com/javasl/p/11405405.html

参考文章

https://blog.csdn.net/zx711166/article/details/81811548

https://www.cnblogs.com/UUUz/p/11170833.html

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原始发表：2020-02-27，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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