萌新尝鲜，超越Windows的Deepin

溪初桾

发布于 2020-03-12 16:21:48

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发布于 2020-03-12 16:21:48

1. 深度系统更新源

同ubuntu一样，深度系统也是使用apt-get安装软件，配置源的方式同Ubuntu配置源与安装软件,更换deepin的源就行

# 使用CTRL + ALT + T打开终端
# 切换到apt目录
qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:~$ cd /etc/apt
# 找到资源配置文件sources.list，可以使用cp命令先备份再修改
qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/apt$ ls -l
总用量 52
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 5月  16 06:15 apt.conf.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    1 5月  16 06:15 preferences
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 5月  16 06:15 preferences.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  153 5月  16 19:32 sources.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   94 5月  16 06:19 sources.list~
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1064 5月  16 19:20 sources.list2.temp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 5月  16 20:02 sources.list.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  184 5月  16 06:26 sources.list.temp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6822 5月  16 18:35 trusted.gpg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4575 5月  16 06:15 trusted.gpg~
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 5月  16 20:02 trusted.gpg.d
# 使用vim编辑器编辑sources.list编辑配置文件(deepin自带vim)
qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/apt$ sudo vim sources.list
# 更改为以下内容（中科大源，你也可以更换为清华源自己百度更换即可）
deb [by-hash=force] http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/deepin panda main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/deepin panda main contrib non-free
# 重要的一步，更新apt配置文件
sudo apt-get update

apt-get常用命令

查询软件包

dpkg -l                             // 列出已安装的所有软件包
apt-cache search PackageName        // 搜索软件包
apt-cache show PackageName          // 获取软件包的相关信息, 如说明、大小、版本等
apt-cache depends PackageName       // 查看该软件包需要哪些依赖包
apt-cache rdepends PackageName      // 查看该软件包被哪些包依赖
apt-get check                       // 检查是否有损坏的依赖

安装软件包

apt-get install PackageName                 // 普通安装
apt-get install PackageName=VersionName     // 安装指定包的指定版本
apt-get --reinstall install PackageName     // 重新安装
apt-get build-dep PackageName               // 安装源码包所需要的编译环境
apt-get -f install                          // 修复依赖关系
apt-get source PackageName                  // 下载软件包的源码

卸载软件包

apt-get remove PackageName              // 删除软件包, 保留配置文件

apt-get --purge remove PackageName      // 删除软件包, 同时删除配置文件
apt-get purge PackageName               // 删除软件包, 同时删除配置文件

apt-get autoremove PackageName          // 删除软件包, 同时删除为满足依赖
                                        // 而自动安装且不再使用的软件包
    
apt-get --purge autoremove PackageName  // 删除软件包, 删除配置文件, 
                                        // 删除不再使用的依赖包
                                        
apt-get clean && apt-get autoclean      // 清除 已下载的软件包 和 旧软件包

更新软件包

apt-get update                  // 更新安装源（Source）
apt-get upgrade                 // 更新已安装的软件包
apt-get dist-upgrade            // 更新已安装的软件包（识别并处理依赖关系的改变）

deepin下安全MYSQL5.7

deepin安装mysql5.7

卸载系统原有的MySQL机器依赖 apt-get autoremove --purge mysql-server-版本号 apt-get autoremove mysql-server apt-get remove mysql-common dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk '{print $2}' |sudo xargs dpkg -P
使用自带的apt-get安装mysql sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

正在设置 mysql-client (5.7.21-1) ...
正在设置 mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.21-1) ...
update-alternatives: 使用 /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf 来在自动模式中提供 /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf)
Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
正在设置 mysql-server (5.7.21-1) ...
正在处理用于 systemd (232-25+deb9u6) 的触发器 ...

查看MySQL自动生成的密码

sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf

qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf 
# Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!
[client]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = PvqfuW8Wo5U4q1aO
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysql_upgrade]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = PvqfuW8Wo5U4q1aO
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$

启动MySQL服务 sudo systemctl start mysql
修改mysql密码和用户

用户名 user = debian-sys-maint 密码 password = PvqfuW8Wo5U4q1aO

qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.21-1 (Debian)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

### 修改root用户密码

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | plugin                | authentication_string                     |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root             | auth_socket           |                                           |
| localhost | mysql.session    | mysql_native_password | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | mysql_native_password | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| localhost | debian-sys-maint | mysql_native_password | *59C1A740854CD296F1861D2720121685CD571D30 |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 注：root用户的plugin为auth_socket，密码为空
# 注：root用户的plugin为auth_socket，密码为空

更新密码 mysql> update user set plugin="mysql_native_password",authentication_string=password('root') where user="root"; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1 mysql> mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from user; ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from user' at line 1 mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from user; +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | host | user | plugin | authentication_string | +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+ # 更新成功 | localhost | root | mysql_native_password | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | | localhost | mysql.session | mysql_native_password | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | | localhost | mysql.sys | mysql_native_password | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | | localhost | debian-sys-maint | mysql_native_password | *59C1A740854CD296F1861D2720121685CD571D30 | +-----------+------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 使用刚才设置的用户和密码登录系统

qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.7.21-1 (Debian)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
# 查看当前数据库编码，发现需要修改的只有2个部分
mysql> show variables like "char%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

# 进入MySQL配置文件
fmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ cd /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d
fmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ ls
mysqld.cnf  mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf
qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ pwd
/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d
qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ sudo vim mysqld.cnf #添加代码
[sudo] qfmx520 的密码：
qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ sudo cat mysqld.cnf 

------
[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user        = mysql
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port        = 3306
basedir        = /usr
datadir        = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir        = /tmp
lc-messages-dir    = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
character-set-server=utf8    # 添加这句代码
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
------

重启MySQL服务登录用户查看字符集

qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ /etc/init.d/mysql restart

[ ok ] Restarting mysql (via systemctl): mysql.service.

qfmx520@qfmx520-PC:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.21-1 (Debian)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like "char%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 
# 大功告成