跟我一步步二进制部署高可用kubernetes集群（下）

用户6641876

发布于 2020-03-20 11:24:21

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发布于 2020-03-20 11:24:21

文章被收录于专栏：阿冬的运维技术栈

1.kubernetes集群的核心资源管理方法

管理K8S核心资源的三种基本方法

1.1 陈述式管理方法-主要依赖命令行CLI工具进行管理

管理命名空间

查看命名空间

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get namespace
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   16h
kube-node-lease   Active   16h
kube-public       Active   16h
kube-system       Active   16h

查看命名空间内的资源

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get  all -n default
NAME                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-ds-8r8sc   1/1     Running   0          128m
pod/nginx-ds-pdznf   1/1     Running   0          128m


NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   192.168.0.1   <none>        443/TCP   16h

NAME                      DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
daemonset.apps/nginx-ds   2         2         2       2            2           <none>          128m

创建命名空间

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl create ns app
namespace/app created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]#  kubectl get ns
NAME              STATUS   AGE
app               Active   12s
default           Active   16h
kube-node-lease   Active   16h
kube-public       Active   16h
kube-system       Active   16h

删除命名空间

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl delete namespace app
namespace "app" deleted
[root@zdd211-21 ~]#  kubectl get ns
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   16h
kube-node-lease   Active   16h
kube-public       Active   16h
kube-system       Active   16h

管理Deployment资源

创建deployment

在kube-public 空间里创建一个名字为nginx-dp 的 deployment ，，使用nginx 镜像

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl create  deployment nginx-dp  --image=harbor.od.com/public/nginx:v1.7.9 -n kube-public
deployment.apps/nginx-dp created

查看deployment

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get  deployment  -n kube-public
NAME       READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-dp   1/1     1            1           48s

简单查看

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pods  -n kube-public
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-dp-5dfc689474-2m8hc   1/1     Running   0          2m24s

扩展查看

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-public -o wide
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP           NODE                 NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-dp-5dfc689474-2m8hc   1/1     Running   0          3m52s   172.7.21.3   zdd211-21.host.com   <none>           <none>

详细查看

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl describe deployment nginx-dp -n kube-public
Name:                   nginx-dp
Namespace:              kube-public
CreationTimestamp:      Sun, 01 Mar 2020 17:41:06 +0800
Labels:                 app=nginx-dp
Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Selector:               app=nginx-dp
Replicas:               1 desired | 1 updated | 1 total | 1 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:        0
RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
................

查看pod资源

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-public
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-dp-5dfc689474-2m8hc   1/1     Running   0          15m

进入pod资源

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-dp-5dfc689474-2m8hc -n kube-public bash
root@nginx-dp-5dfc689474-2m8hc:/# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8: eth0@if9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP
    link/ether 02:42:ac:07:15:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.7.21.3/24 brd 172.7.21.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@nginx-dp-5dfc689474-2m8hc:/# hostname
nginx-dp-5dfc689474-2m8hc

删除pod资源（重启）

删除pod资源，实际上是重启pod，控制器会再次拉起

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl delete pods nginx-dp-5dfc689474-2m8hc -n kube-public
pod "nginx-dp-5dfc689474-2m8hc" deleted
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-public
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-dp-5dfc689474-qk5j2   1/1     Running   0          7s

强制删除

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl delete pods nginx-dp-5dfc689474-qk5j2 -n kube-public --force --grace-period=0
warning: Immediate deletion does not wait for confirmation that the running resource has been terminated. The resource may continue to run on the cluster indefinitely.
pod "nginx-dp-5dfc689474-qk5j2" force deleted

删除deployment

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl delete deployment nginx-dp -n kube-public
deployment.extensions "nginx-dp" deleted
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-public
No resources found.

管理Service资源

创建service

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx-dp --image=harbor.od.com/public/nginx:v1.7.9 -n kube-public
deployment.apps/nginx-dp created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-public
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-dp-5dfc689474-s8cfw   1/1     Running   0          20s
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx-dp --port=80 -n kube-public
service/nginx-dp exposed

查看service

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-public
NAME       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP        EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
nginx-dp   ClusterIP   192.168.197.188   <none>        80/TCP    62s
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pod,svc -n kube-public -o wide
NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP           NODE                 NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/nginx-dp-5dfc689474-s8cfw   1/1     Running   0          3m7s   172.7.22.3   zdd211-22.host.com   <none>           <none>

NAME               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP        EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE   SELECTOR
service/nginx-dp   ClusterIP   192.168.197.188   <none>        80/TCP    97s   app=nginx-dp
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl describe svc nginx-dp -n kube-public
Name:              nginx-dp
Namespace:         kube-public
Labels:            app=nginx-dp
Annotations:       <none>
Selector:          app=nginx-dp
Type:              ClusterIP
IP:                192.168.197.188
Port:              <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:        80/TCP
Endpoints:         172.7.21.3:80,172.7.22.3:80
Session Affinity:  None
Events:            <none>

无论pod删除了之后飘逸到哪个node节点，service暴露出来的cluster ip都不会改变

访问service验证

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.0.1:443 nq
  -> 10.211.55.21:6443            Masq    1      0          0
  -> 10.211.55.22:6443            Masq    1      0          0
TCP  192.168.197.188:80 nq
  -> 172.7.22.3:80                Masq    1      0          0
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl scale deployment nginx-dp --replicas=2 -n kube-public
deployment.extensions/nginx-dp scaled
[root@zdd211-21 ~]#
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.0.1:443 nq
  -> 10.211.55.21:6443            Masq    1      0          0
  -> 10.211.55.22:6443            Masq    1      0          0
TCP  192.168.197.188:80 nq
  -> 172.7.21.3:80                Masq    1      0          0
  -> 172.7.22.3:80                Masq    1      0          0
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# curl 192.168.197.188

Kubectl用法总结

kubectl是官方的CLT命令行工具，用于与apiserver进行通信，将用户在命令行输入的命令，组织并转化为apiservice能识别的信息，进而实现管理K8S各种资源的一种有效途径

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl --help
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.

 Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/

Basic Commands (Beginner):
  create         Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
  expose         Take a replication controller, service, deployment or pod and expose it as a new
Kubernetes Service
  run            Run a particular image on the cluster
  set            Set specific features on objects

Basic Commands (Intermediate):
  explain        Documentation of resources
  get            Display one or many resources
  edit           Edit a resource on the server
  delete         Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and
label selector

Deploy Commands:
  rollout        Manage the rollout of a resource
  scale          Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet, Replication Controller, or Job
  autoscale      Auto-scale a Deployment, ReplicaSet, or ReplicationController

1.2 声明式管理方法-主要依赖统一资源配置清单（manifest）进行管理

声明式资源管理方法依赖于-资源配置清单（yaml/json）

查看配置资源清单的方法

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pods  -n kube-public
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-dp-5dfc689474-gwghg   1/1     Running   0          13m
nginx-dp-5dfc689474-s8cfw   1/1     Running   0          19m
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pods nginx-dp-5dfc689474-gwghg -o yaml -n kube-public
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2020-03-01T10:17:20Z"
  generateName: nginx-dp-5dfc689474-
  labels:
    app: nginx-dp
    pod-template-hash: 5dfc689474
  name: nginx-dp-5dfc689474-gwghg
  namespace: kube-public
  ownerReferences:
  - apiVersion: apps/v1
    blockOwnerDeletion: true
    controller: true
    kind: ReplicaSet
    name: nginx-dp-5dfc689474
    uid: 7fcc908c-7f34-465e-95d3-5a5db3ef4aa6
  resourceVersion: "73706"
  ...............

解释资源配置清单

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl explain service.metadata
KIND:     Service
VERSION:  v1

RESOURCE: metadata <Object>

DESCRIPTION:
     Standard object's metadata. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#metadata

     ObjectMeta is metadata that all persisted resources must have, which
     includes all objects users must create.

FIELDS:
   annotations	<map[string]string>
     Annotations is an unstructured key value map stored with a resource that
     may be set by external tools to store and retrieve arbitrary metadata. They
     are not queryable and should be preserved when modifying objects. More
     info: http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/annotations

   clusterName	<string>
     The name of the cluster which the object belongs to. This is used to
     distinguish resources with same name and namespace in different clusters.
     This field is not set anywhere right now and apiserver is going to ignore
     it if set in create or update request.
.............

创建资源配置清单

必要要有的四种资源apiversion、kind、metadata、spec

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# vim nginx-ds-svn.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-ds
  name: nginx-ds
  namespace: default
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx-ds
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP

应用资源配置清单

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl create -f nginx-ds-svn.yaml
service/nginx-ds created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get svc nginx-ds
NAME       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP        EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
nginx-ds   ClusterIP   192.168.188.248   <none>        80/TCP    48s

修改资源配置清单并应用

修改端口测试

离线修改

修改nginx-ds-svc.yaml文件，然后用kubectl apply -f nginx-ds-svn.yaml文件使之更改

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# vim nginx-ds-svn.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-ds
  name: nginx-ds
  namespace: default
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 180
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx-ds
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl delete -f nginx-ds-svn.yaml
service "nginx-ds" deleted
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f nginx-ds-svn.yaml
service/nginx-ds created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP        EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   192.168.0.1       <none>        443/TCP   17h
nginx-ds     ClusterIP   192.168.118.140   <none>        180/TCP   2s

在线修改

直接使用kubectl edit service nginx-ds

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl edit service nginx-ds
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP        EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   192.168.0.1       <none>        443/TCP    17h
nginx-ds     ClusterIP   192.168.118.140   <none>        8080/TCP   3m11s

删除资源配置清单

陈述式删除

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl delete service nginx-dp -n kube-public
service "nginx-dp" deleted

声明式删除

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl delete -f nginx-ds-svn.yaml
service "nginx-ds" deleted

1.3 GUI式管理方法-主要依赖图形化操作界面（web页面）进行管理

见后面的dashboard界面的安装进行管理

2.kubernetes的核心插件（addons）

2.1 kubernetes的CNI的网络插件-flannel

集群规划

主机名	角色	ip
zdd211-21.host.com	flannel	10.2211.55.21
zdd211-22.host.com	flannel	10.2211.55.22

注意：这里部署文档以zdd211-21.host.com主机为例，另一台安装部署方法类似

测试未安装网络插件前的网络

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-public -o wide
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP           NODE                 NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-dp-5dfc689474-gwghg   1/1     Running   0          147m   172.7.21.3   zdd211-21.host.com   <none>           <none>
nginx-dp-5dfc689474-s8cfw   1/1     Running   0          152m   172.7.22.3   zdd211-22.host.com   <none>           <none>
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# ping 172.7.22.3
PING 172.7.22.3 (172.7.22.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C

下载flannel软件、解压，做软链接

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# cd /opt/src/
[root@zdd211-21 src]# wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.11.0/flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@zdd211-21 src]# ll
total 452536
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   9850227 Feb 29 23:18 etcd-v3.1.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz
-rw------- 1 root root   9565743 Feb 24 02:12 flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 443976803 Feb 24 02:16 kubernetes-server-linux-amd64-v1.15.4.tar.gz
[root@zdd211-21 src]# mkdir /opt/flannel-v0.11.0
[root@zdd211-21 src]# tar -xf  flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/flannel-v0.11.0/
[root@zdd211-21 src]#ln -sf  /opt/flannel-v0.11.0/  /opt/flannel

创建目录

[root@zdd211-21 opt]# cd /opt/flannel
[root@zdd211-21 flannel]# ll
total 34436
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35249016 Jan 29  2019 flanneld
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     2139 Oct 23  2018 mk-docker-opts.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     4300 Oct 23  2018 README.md
[root@zdd211-21 flannel]# mkdir certs
[root@zdd211-21 flannel]# cd certs/

拷贝证书

[root@zdd211-21 certs]# scp zdd211-200:/opt/certs/ca.pem .
root@zdd211-200's password:
ca.pem                                                                               100% 1342     1.3MB/s   00:00
[root@zdd211-21 certs]# scp zdd211-200:/opt/certs/client.pem .
root@zdd211-200's password:
client.pem                                                                           100% 1363     2.2MB/s   00:00
[root@zdd211-21 certs]# scp zdd211-200:/opt/certs/client-key.pem .
root@zdd211-200's password:
client-key.pem                                                                       100% 1675     2.7MB/s   00:00
[root@zdd211-21 certs]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1342 Mar  1 20:22 ca.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Mar  1 20:23 client-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1363 Mar  1 20:22 client.pem

创建配置

[root@zdd211-21 certs]# cd ..
[root@zdd211-21 flannel]# vim subnet.env
FLANNEL_NETWORK=172.7.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=172.7.21.1/24
FLANNEL_MTU=1500
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=false

创建启动脚本

[root@zdd211-21 flannel]# vim flanneld.sh
#!/bin/sh
./flanneld \
  --public-ip=10.211.55.21 \
  --etcd-endpoints=https://10.211.55.12:2379,https://10.211.55.21:2379,https://10.211.55.22:2379 \
  --etcd-keyfile=./certs/client-key.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=./certs/client.pem \
  --etcd-cafile=./certs/ca.pem \
  --iface=eth0 \
  --subnet-file=./subnet.env \
  --healthz-port=2401

注意：flannel集群各主机的启动脚本略有不同，部署其他节点是需要修改成本地ip

检查配置、权限、创建日志目录

[root@zdd211-21 flannel]# chmod +x flanneld.sh
[root@zdd211-21 flannel]# mkdir -p /data/logs/flanneld

操作etcd，增加host-gw

[root@zdd211-21 flannel]# cd /opt/etcd
[root@zdd211-21 etcd]# ./etcdctl set /coreos.com/network/config '{"Network": "172.7.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "host-gw"}}'
{"Network": "172.7.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "host-gw"}}
[root@zdd211-21 etcd]# ./etcdctl get /coreos.com/network/config
{"Network": "172.7.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "host-gw"}}

附：flannel的其网络模型 VxLAN模型： ''{"Network": "172.7.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "VxLAN"}}'' 直接路由模型： ''{"Network": "172.7.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "xLAN","Diretrouting":true}}''

创建supervisor配置

[root@zdd211-21 flannel]# vim /etc/supervisord.d/flannel.ini
[program:flanneld-211-21]
command=/opt/flannel/flanneld.sh                             ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args)
numprocs=1                                                   ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
directory=/opt/flannel                                       ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd)
autostart=true                                               ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
autorestart=true                                             ; retstart at unexpected quit (default: true)
startsecs=30                                                 ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1)
startretries=3                                               ; max # of serial start failures (default 3)
exitcodes=0,2                                                ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2)
stopsignal=QUIT                                              ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
stopwaitsecs=10                                              ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
user=root                                                    ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program
redirect_stderr=true                                         ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false)
stdout_logfile=/data/logs/flanneld/flanneld.stdout.log       ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=64MB                                 ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
stdout_logfile_backups=4                                     ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10)
stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB                                  ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
stdout_events_enabled=false                                  ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)

启动服务并检查

[root@zdd211-21 etcd]# supervisorctl update
flanneld-211-21: added process group
[root@zdd211-21 etcd]# supervisorctl status
etcd-server-211-21               RUNNING   pid 6457, uptime 4:46:29
flanneld-211-21                  RUNNING   pid 9776, uptime 0:01:51
kube-apiserver-211-21            RUNNING   pid 6455, uptime 4:46:29
kube-controller-manager-211-21   RUNNING   pid 6461, uptime 4:46:29
kube-kubelet-211-21              RUNNING   pid 8475, uptime 4:43:26
kube-proxy-211-21                RUNNING   pid 6456, uptime 4:46:29
kube-scheduler-211-21            RUNNING   pid 6458, uptime 4:46:29

安装部署启动检查另一个节点

另外一个节点，跟以上步骤一样，需要修改脚本上的地址，唯一区别就是不需要再给etcd操作

再次验证集群，pod之间的网络互通

Zdd211-21上：

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# ping 172.7.22.3
PING 172.7.22.3 (172.7.22.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.7.22.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.218 ms
64 bytes from 172.7.22.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.446 ms
64 bytes from 172.7.22.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.434 ms
64 bytes from 172.7.22.3: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.458 ms
64 bytes from 172.7.22.3: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=0.446 ms
64 bytes from 172.7.22.3: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=0.215 ms
64 bytes from 172.7.22.3: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=0.334 ms
^C
--- 172.7.22.3 ping statistics ---
7 packets transmitted, 7 received, 0% packet loss, time 6001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.215/0.364/0.458/0.102 ms

zdd211-22上：

PING 172.7.21.3 (172.7.21.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.7.21.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.242 ms
64 bytes from 172.7.21.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.461 ms
64 bytes from 172.7.21.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.301 ms
64 bytes from 172.7.21.3: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.395 ms
^C
--- 172.7.21.3 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.349/0.461/0.087 ms

在各个运算节点上优化iptable规则

注意：iptables规则各主机上稍微有不同，其他运算节点上执行时注意修改

安装iptables服务

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# yum install -y iptables-services
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# systemctl start iptables.service && systemctl enable iptables.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/iptables.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service.

优化SNAT规则，各运算节点之间的各个pod之间的网络通信不再出网

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# iptables-save |grep -i reject
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# iptables -t filter -D FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# iptables -t filter -D INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# iptables-save |grep -i postrouting
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [17:1032]
:KUBE-POSTROUTING - [0:0]
-A POSTROUTING -m comment --comment "kubernetes postrouting rules" -j KUBE-POSTROUTING
-A POSTROUTING -s 172.7.21.0/24 ! -o docker0 -j MASQUERADE
-A KUBE-POSTROUTING -m comment --comment "kubernetes service traffic requiring SNAT" -m mark --mark 0x4000/0x4000 -j MASQUERADE
-A KUBE-POSTROUTING -m comment --comment "Kubernetes endpoints dst ip:port, source ip for solving hairpin purpose" -m set --match-set KUBE-LOOP-BACK dst,dst,src -j MASQUERADE
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s 172.7.21.0/24 ! -o docker0 -j MASQUERADE
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -s 172.7.21.0/24 ! -d 172.7.0.0/16 ! -o docker0 -j MASQUERADE
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# iptables-save |grep -i postrouting
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [2:120]
:KUBE-POSTROUTING - [0:0]
-A POSTROUTING -s 172.7.21.0/24 ! -d 172.7.0.0/16 ! -o docker0 -j MASQUERADE
-A POSTROUTING -m comment --comment "kubernetes postrouting rules" -j KUBE-POSTROUTING
-A KUBE-POSTROUTING -m comment --comment "kubernetes service traffic requiring SNAT" -m mark --mark 0x4000/0x4000 -j MASQUERADE
-A KUBE-POSTROUTING -m comment --comment "Kubernetes endpoints dst ip:port, source ip for solving hairpin purpose" -m set --match-set KUBE-LOOP-BACK dst,dst,src -j MASQUERADE

10.211.55.21主机上的，来源是172.7.21.0/24段的docker的ip，目标ip不是172.7.0.0/16段，网络不从docker0网桥设备出站的，才进行SNAT转换

各运算节点保存iptable规则

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# iptables-save >/etc/sysconfig/iptables

2.2 kubernetes的服务发现插件-coredns

简单来说，服务发现就是服务（应用）之间相互定位的过程
在K8S集群中，pod的ip是不断变化的，如何“以不变应万变”
- 抽象出了Service资源，通过标签选择器，关联一组pod
- 抽象出了集群网络，通过相对固定的“集群IP”，使服务接入点固定
如何自动关联service资源的“名称”和“集群网络IP”，从而达到服务被集群自动发现
- 传统DNS的模型：zdd211-21.host.com >10.211.55.12
- 能否在K8S里建立这样的模型：nginx-ds >192.168.0.5
K8S里服务发现的法式-DNS
实现K8S里DNS功能的插件（软件）
- Kube-dns——kubernetes-v1.2至kubernetes-v1.10
- Coredns——kubernetes-v1.11至今

注意：K8S里的DNS不是万能的！它应该只负责自动维护“服务名”>"集群网络IP"之间的关系

部署K8S的内网资源配置清单http服务

只需要在运维主机zdd211-200.host.com上，配置一个nginx虚拟主机，用以提K8S统一的资源配置清单访问入口

配置nginx

[root@zdd211-200 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/k8s-yaml.od.com.conf
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  k8s-yaml.od.com;

    location / {
        autoindex on;
        default_type text/plain;
        root /data/k8s-yaml;
    }
}
[root@zdd211-200 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@zdd211-200 ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@zdd211-200 ~]# cd /data/k8s-yaml/
[root@zdd211-200 k8s-yaml]# mkdir coredns

配置内网DNS解析

在zdd211-11.host.com上

[root@zdd211-11 ~]# vim /var/named/od.com.zone
$ORIGIN od.com.
$TTL 600        ; 10 minutes
@               IN SOA  dns.od.com. dnsadmin.od.com. (
                                2020022103 ; serial
                                10800      ; refresh (3 hours)
                                900        ; retry (15 minutes)
                                604800     ; expire (1 week)
                                86400      ; minimum (1 day)
                                )
                                NS   dns.od.com.
$TTL 60 ; 1 minute
dns                A    10.211.55.11
harbor             A    10.211.55.200
k8s-yaml           A    10.211.55.200
[root@zdd211-11 ~]# systemctl restart named
[root@zdd211-11 ~]# dig -t A k8s-yaml.od.com @10.211.55.11 +short
10.211.55.200

验证

打开浏览器输入url：k8s-yaml.od.com

![image-20200302235722864](/Users/pirenmao/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20200302235722864.png)

部署coredns

准备coredns-v1.6.1镜像

[root@zdd211-200 ~]# docker pull coredns/coredns:1.6.1
[root@zdd211-200 ~]# docker images|grep coredns
coredns/coredns                 1.6.1                      c0f6e815079e        7 months ago        42.2MB
[root@zdd211-200 ~]# docker tag c0f6e815079e harbor.od.com/public/coredns:v1.6.1
[root@zdd211-200 ~]# docker push harbor.od.com/public/coredns:v1.6.1

准备coredns的资源配置清单

在zdd211-200.host.com

rbac.yaml

[root@zdd211-200 coredns]# pwd
/data/k8s-yaml/coredns
[root@zdd211-200 coredns]# vim rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - endpoints
  - services
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system

Configmap.yaml

[root@zdd211-200 coredns]# vim cm.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        log
        health
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local 192.168.0.0/16
        forward . 10.211.55.11
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
       }

deployment

[root@zdd211-200 coredns]# vim dp.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: coredns
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: coredns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: coredns
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: harbor.od.com/public/coredns:v1.6.1
        args:
        - -conf
        - /etc/coredns/Corefile
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile

Service.yaml

[root@zdd211-200 coredns]# vim svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: coredns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: coredns
  clusterIP: 192.168.0.2
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP

检查配置文件

[root@zdd211-200 coredns]# ls -l
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  322 Mar  1 23:25 cm.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1294 Mar  1 23:23 dp.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar  1 23:20 rbac.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  387 Mar  1 23:25 svc.yaml

依次执行创建

任意一个运算节点zdd211-21.host.com

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/coredns/rbac.yaml
serviceaccount/coredns created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/coredns/cm.yaml
configmap/coredns created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/coredns/dp.yaml
deployment.apps/coredns created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/coredns/svc.yaml
service/coredns created

检查coredns的创建资源

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get all -n kube-system
NAME                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/coredns-6b6c4f9648-5sclg   1/1     Running   0          38s


NAME              TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
service/coredns   ClusterIP   192.168.0.2   <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   30s


NAME                      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/coredns   1/1     1            1           38s

NAME                                 DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/coredns-6b6c4f9648   1         1         1       38s

验证是否可以通过服务名解析到集群IP

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# dig -t A www.baidu.com @192.168.0.2 +short
www.a.shifen.com.
61.135.169.121
61.135.169.125
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-public
NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-dp-5dfc689474-gwghg   1/1     Running   0          5h20m
pod/nginx-dp-5dfc689474-s8cfw   1/1     Running   0          5h26m
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx-dp --port 80 -n kube-public
service/nginx-dp exposed
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-public
NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-dp-5dfc689474-gwghg   1/1     Running   0          5h21m
pod/nginx-dp-5dfc689474-s8cfw   1/1     Running   0          5h27m

NAME               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/nginx-dp   ClusterIP   192.168.50.46   <none>        80/TCP    5s
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# dig -t A nginx-dp.kube-public.svc.cluster.local. @192.168.0.2 +short
192.168.50.46

2.3 kubernetes的服务暴露插件-traefik

部署traefik

[github]:https://github.com/containous/traefik

准备traefik-v1.7.1镜像

[root@zdd211-200 coredns]# docker pull traefik:v1.7.2-alpine
[root@zdd211-200 coredns]# docker images|grep traefik
traefik                         v1.7.2-alpine              add5fac61ae5        17 months ago       72.4MB
[root@zdd211-200 coredns]# docker tag add5fac61ae5 harbor.od.com/public/traefik:v1.7.2
[root@zdd211-200 coredns]# docker push harbor.od.com/public/traefik:v1.7.2

准备traefik的资源配置清单

使用的是nodeport型service暴露服务

在zdd211-200.host.com

rabc.yaml

[root@zdd211-200 coredns]# cd ..
[root@zdd211-200 k8s-yaml]# mkdir traefik
[root@zdd211-200 k8s-yaml]# cd traefik/
[root@zdd211-200 traefik]# vim rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
      - endpoints
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
  namespace: kube-system

Daemonset.yaml

[root@zdd211-200 traefik]# vi ds.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: traefik-ingress
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: traefik-ingress
        name: traefik-ingress
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      containers:
      - image: harbor.od.com/public/traefik:v1.7.2
        name: traefik-ingress
        ports:
        - name: controller
          containerPort: 80
          hostPort: 81
        - name: admin-web
          containerPort: 8080
        securityContext:
          capabilities:
            drop:
            - ALL
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
        args:
        - --api
        - --kubernetes
        - --logLevel=INFO
        - --insecureskipverify=true
        - --kubernetes.endpoint=https://10.211.55.10:7443
        - --accesslog
        - --accesslog.filepath=/var/log/traefik_access.log
        - --traefiklog
        - --traefiklog.filepath=/var/log/traefik.log
        - --metrics.prometheus

Service的yaml

[root@zdd211-200 traefik]# vim svc.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-service
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: traefik-ingress
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      name: controller
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 8080
      name: admin-web

ingress的yaml

[root@zdd211-200 traefik]# vim ingress.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: traefik-web-ui
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
spec:
  rules:
  - host: traefik.od.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: traefik-ingress-service
          servicePort: 8080

检查配置文件

[root@zdd211-200 traefik]# ls -l
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1099 Mar  1 23:56 ds.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  334 Mar  2 00:00 ingress.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  800 Mar  1 23:53 rbac.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  269 Mar  1 23:57 svc.yaml

依次执行创建部署traefik(ingress控制器)

任意一个运算节点zdd211-21.host.com

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/traefik/rbac.yaml
serviceaccount/traefik-ingress-controller created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/traefik-ingress-controller created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/traefik-ingress-controller created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/traefik/ds.yaml
daemonset.extensions/traefik-ingress created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/traefik/svc.yaml
service/traefik-ingress-service created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/traefik/ingress.yaml
ingress.extensions/traefik-web-ui created

验证创建的资源

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                       READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-6b6c4f9648-5sclg   1/1     Running             0          40m
traefik-ingress-9927c      0/1     ContainerCreating   0          9m36s
traefik-ingress-sqt2n      0/1     ContainerCreating   0          9m36s
##发现一直没有起来，查看描述排错
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl describe pods traefik-ingress-sqt2n -n kube-system
。。。。。。。
Events:
  Type     Reason                  Age   From                         Message
  ----     ------                  ----  ----                         -------
  Normal   Scheduled               10m   default-scheduler            Successfully assigned kube-system/traefik-ingress-sqt2n to zdd211-22.host.com
  Warning  FailedCreatePodSandBox  10m   kubelet, zdd211-22.host.com  Failed create pod sandbox: rpc error: code = Unknown desc = failed to start sandbox container for pod "traefik-ingress-sqt2n": Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint k8s_POD_traefik-ingress-sqt2n_kube-system_8bd9dde1-4e55-48e1-bbbc-d5c00643956a_0 (b4a18c43d70f2084269cd3a0f4fbfefab137fe9da9b8134cf52314dfa78293f5):  (iptables failed: iptables --wait -t filter -A DOCKER ! -i docker0 -o docker0 -p tcp -d 172.7.22.4 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
 (exit status 1))
 。。。。。。
 ##查看描述之后发现有一个iptables的错误，两个运算节点重启一下docker，重新创建ipables规则
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@zdd211-22 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pod,svc,ingress -n kube-system
NAME                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/coredns-6b6c4f9648-5sclg   1/1     Running   0          81m
pod/traefik-ingress-9927c      1/1     Running   0          50m
pod/traefik-ingress-sqt2n      1/1     Running   0          50m

NAME                              TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
service/coredns                   ClusterIP   192.168.0.2      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   81m
service/traefik-ingress-service   ClusterIP   192.168.69.149   <none>        80/TCP,8080/TCP          50m

NAME                                HOSTS            ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
ingress.extensions/traefik-web-ui   traefik.od.com             80      45m

配置内网DNS解析域名

在zdd211-11.host.com上

[root@zdd211-11 ~]# vim /var/named/od.com.zone
$TTL 600        ; 10 minutes
@               IN SOA  dns.od.com. dnsadmin.od.com. (
                                2020022104 ; serial
                                10800      ; refresh (3 hours)
                                900        ; retry (15 minutes)
                                604800     ; expire (1 week)
                                86400      ; minimum (1 day)
                                )
                                NS   dns.od.com.
$TTL 60 ; 1 minute
dns                A    10.211.55.11
harbor             A    10.211.55.200
k8s-yaml           A    10.211.55.200
traefik            A    10.211.55.10
[root@zdd211-11 ~]# systemctl restart named

配置反代

Zdd211-11.host.com和zdd211-12.host.com两台主机上nginx均需要配置，这里可以考虑使用saltstack或者ansible自动化运维工具统计配置管理

[root@zdd211-12 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/od.com.conf
upstream default_backend_traefik {
    server 10.4.7.21:81    max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;
    server 10.4.7.22:81    max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;
}
server {
    server_name *.od.com;
  
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://default_backend_traefik;
        proxy_set_header Host       $http_host;
        proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}
[root@zdd211-12 ~]# nginx -s reload

查看traefik网页

image.png

2.3 kubernetes的GUI管理工具-dashboard

准备镜像

在zdd211-200操作：

# 镜像准备
# 因不可描述原因，无法访问k8s.gcr.io，改成registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
[root@zdd211-200 ~]# docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
[root@zdd211-200 ~]# docker image tag f9aed6605b81 harbor.od.com/public/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
[root@zdd211-200 ~]# docker image push harbor.od.com/public/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1

配置资源清单

在zdd211-200操作：

清单文件存放到 zdd211-200:/data/k8s-yaml/dashboard/dashboard_1.10.1

[root@zdd211-200 k8s-yaml]# pwd
/data/k8s-yaml
[root@zdd211-200 k8s-yaml]# mkdir -p dashboard/dashboard_1.10.1
[root@zdd211-200 k8s-yaml]# cd dashboard/dashboard_1.10.1/
[root@zdd211-200 dashboard_1.10.1]#

rbac.yaml

当前为dashboard的默认权限

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
  namespace: kube-system

[root@zdd211-200 k8s-yaml]# vi rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
  verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
  verbs: ["get", "update"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster"]
  verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services/proxy"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

deployment.yaml

[root@zdd211-200 k8s-yaml]# vi deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      annotations:
        scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        image: harbor.od.com/public/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 300Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 50m
            memory: 100Mi
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8443
          protocol: TCP
        args:
          # PLATFORM-SPECIFIC ARGS HERE
          - --auto-generate-certificates
        volumeMounts:
        - name: tmp-volume
          mountPath: /tmp
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            scheme: HTTPS
            path: /
            port: 8443
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: tmp-volume
        emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
      tolerations:
      - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
        operator: "Exists"

service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  ports:
  - port: 443
    targetPort: 8443

ingress.yaml

[root@zdd211-200 k8s-yaml]# vi ingress.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
spec:
  rules:
  - host: dashboard.od.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: kubernetes-dashboard
          servicePort: 443

检查配置文件

[root@zdd211-200 dashboard_1.10.1]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1393 Mar  2 01:20 deployment.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  318 Mar  2 01:22 ingress.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1548 Mar  2 01:20 rbac.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  322 Mar  2 01:23 service.yaml

交付dashboard到k8s

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/dashboard/dashboard_1.10.1/rbac.yaml
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/dashboard/dashboard_1.10.1/deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/dashboard/dashboard_1.10.1/service.yaml
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/dashboard/dashboard_1.10.1/ingress.yaml
ingress.extensions/kubernetes-dashboard created

配置DNS解析

在zdd211-11主机上操作：

[root@zdd211-11 ~]# vim /var/named/od.com.zone
$ORIGIN od.com.
$TTL 600        ; 10 minutes
@               IN SOA  dns.od.com. dnsadmin.od.com. (
                                2020022105 ; serial
                                10800      ; refresh (3 hours)
                                900        ; retry (15 minutes)
                                604800     ; expire (1 week)
                                86400      ; minimum (1 day)
                                )
                                NS   dns.od.com.
$TTL 60 ; 1 minute
dns                A    10.211.55.11
harbor             A    10.211.55.200
k8s-yaml           A    10.211.55.200
traefik            A    10.211.55.10
dashboard          A    10.211.55.10
[root@zdd211-11 ~]# systemctl restart named.service

签发SSL证书

在zdd211-11和zdd211-12上创建证书路径

[root@zdd211-11 ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/certs/

在zdd211-200上操作:

[root@zdd211-200 ~]# cd /opt/certs/
[root@zdd211-200 certs]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out dashboard.od.com.key 2048)
[root@zdd211-200 certs]# openssl req -new -key dashboard.od.com.key -out dashboard.od.com.csr -subj "/CN=dashboard.od.com/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=Beijing/O=OldboyEdu/OU=ops"
[root@zdd211-200 certs]# openssl x509 -req -in dashboard.od.com.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -CAcreateserial -out dashboard.od.com.crt -days 3650
[root@zdd211-200 certs]# ll dashboard.od.com.*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1196 Jan 29 20:52 dashboard.od.com.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1005 Jan 29 20:51 dashboard.od.com.csr
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jan 29 20:51 dashboard.od.com.key
[root@zdd211-200 certs]# scp dashboard.od.com.key dashboard.od.com.crt hdss7-11:/etc/nginx/certs/
[root@zdd211-200 certs]# scp dashboard.od.com.key dashboard.od.com.crt hdss7-12:/etc/nginx/certs/

配置Nginx

hdss7-11和hdss7-12都需要操作

[root@zdd211-11 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/dashborad.conf
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  dashboard.od.com;
    rewrite ^(.*)$ https://${server_name}$1 permanent;
}

server {
    listen       443 ssl;
    server_name  dashboard.od.com;

    ssl_certificate "certs/dashboard.od.com.crt";
    ssl_certificate_key "certs/dashboard.od.com.key";
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
    ssl_session_timeout  10m;
    ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://default_backend_traefik;
        proxy_set_header Host       $http_host;
        proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}
[root@zdd211-11 ~]# nginx -t && nginx -s reload

建议使用火狐浏览器

image.png

测试token登陆

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system|grep kubernetes-dashboard-admin
kubernetes-dashboard-admin-token-h68bw   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      17m
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-admin-token-h68bw -n kube-system|grep token
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.SDUZEkH_N0B6rjm6bW_jN03F4pHCPafL3uKD2HU0ksM0oenB2425jxvfi16rUbTRCsfcGqYXRrE2x15gpb03fb3jJy-IhnInUnPrw6ZwEdqWagen_Z4tdFhUgCpdjdShHy40ZPfql_iuVKbvv7ASt8w8v13Ar3FxztyDyLScVO3rNEezT7JUqMI4yj5LYQ0IgpSXoH12tlDSTyX8Rk2a_3QlOM_yT5GB_GEZkwIESttQKVr7HXSCrQ2tEdYA4cYO2AbF1NgAo_CVBNNvZLvdDukWiQ_b5zwOiO0cUbbiu46x_p6gjNWzVb7zHNro4gh0Shr4hIhiRQot2DJ-sq94Ag

image.png

kubernetes的dashboard监控小插件-heapster

*准备headpter镜像

[root@zdd211-200 k8s-yaml]# mkdir heapster
[root@zdd211-200 k8s-yaml]# cd heapster/
[root@zdd211-200 heapster]# docker pull quay.io/bitnami/heapster:1.5.4
[root@zdd211-200 heapster]# docker images |grep heapster
quay.io/bitnami/heapster    1.5.4         c359b95ad38b        12 months ago       136MB
[root@zdd211-200 heapster]# docker tag c359b95ad38b harbor.od.com/public/heapster:1.5.4
[root@zdd211-200 heapster]# docker push harbor.od.com/public/heapster:1.5.4

准备资源配置清单

[root@zdd211-200 heapster]# vim heapster.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: heapster
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: heapster
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:heapster
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: heapster
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: heapster
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        task: monitoring
        k8s-app: heapster
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: heapster
      containers:
      - name: heapster
        image: harbor.od.com/public/heapster:v1.5.4
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command:
        - /opt/bitnami/heapster/bin/heapster
        - --source=kubernetes:https://kubernetes.default	
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    task: monitoring
    # For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)
    # If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
    kubernetes.io/name: Heapster
  name: heapster
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8082
  selector:
    k8s-app: heapster

应用资源配置清单

[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/heapster/heapster.yaml
[root@zdd211-21 ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-6b6c4f9648-5sclg                1/1     Running   0          3h57m
heapster-7cb6dc7b94-vmcf5               1/1     Running   0          5s
kubernetes-dashboard-747c5cdb5d-h7w4c   1/1     Running   0          80m
traefik-ingress-9927c                   1/1     Running   0          3h26m
traefik-ingress-sqt2n                   1/1     Running   0          3h26m

重启dashborad验证

重新登陆以后可以看到pod的资源使用情况，之前的文章有介绍使用promethus监控k8s中集群资源

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原始发表：2020-03-18，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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