Mutex（互斥锁）

typedef struct semaphore	mutex_t;

#define mutex_init(lock, type, name)		sema_init(lock, 1)

/*
 * Simple, straightforward mutexes with strict semantics:
 *
 * - only one task can hold the mutex at a time
 * - only the owner can unlock the mutex
 * - multiple unlocks are not permitted
 * - recursive locking is not permitted
 * - a mutex object must be initialized via the API
 * - a mutex object must not be initialized via memset or copying
 * - task may not exit with mutex held
 * - memory areas where held locks reside must not be freed
 * - held mutexes must not be reinitialized
 * - mutexes may not be used in hardware or software interrupt
 *   contexts such as tasklets and timers
 *
 * These semantics are fully enforced when DEBUG_MUTEXES is
 * enabled. Furthermore, besides enforcing the above rules, the mutex
 * debugging code also implements a number of additional features
 * that make lock debugging easier and faster:
 *
 * - uses symbolic names of mutexes, whenever they are printed in debug output
 * - point-of-acquire tracking, symbolic lookup of function names
 * - list of all locks held in the system, printout of them
 * - owner tracking
 * - detects self-recursing locks and prints out all relevant info
 * - detects multi-task circular deadlocks and prints out all affected
 *   locks and tasks (and only those tasks)
 */
struct mutex {
	/* 1: unlocked, 0: locked, negative: locked, possible waiters */
	atomic_t		count;
	spinlock_t		wait_lock;
	struct list_head	wait_list;
};

#define __MUTEX_INITIALIZER(lockname) \
		{ .count = ATOMIC_INIT(1) \
		, .wait_lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(lockname.wait_lock) \
		, .wait_list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(lockname.wait_list) \
		__DEBUG_MUTEX_INITIALIZER(lockname) \
		__DEP_MAP_MUTEX_INITIALIZER(lockname) }

#define DEFINE_MUTEX(mutexname) \
	struct mutex mutexname = __MUTEX_INITIALIZER(mutexname)

/**
 * mutex_init - initialize the mutex
 * @mutex: the mutex to be initialized
 *
 * Initialize the mutex to unlocked state.
 *
 * It is not allowed to initialize an already locked mutex.
 */
# define mutex_init(mutex) \
do {							\
	static struct lock_class_key __key;		\
							\
	__mutex_init((mutex), #mutex, &__key);		\
} while (0)

void __mutex_init(struct mutex *lock, const char *name, struct lock_class_key *key)
{
	atomic_set(&lock->count, 1);
	spin_lock_init(&lock->wait_lock);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lock->wait_list);
	mutex_clear_owner(lock);
#ifdef CONFIG_MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER
	osq_lock_init(&lock->osq);
#endif

	debug_mutex_init(lock, name, key);
}

/**
 * mutex_lock - acquire the mutex
 * @lock: the mutex to be acquired
 *
 * Lock the mutex exclusively for this task. If the mutex is not
 * available right now, it will sleep until it can get it.
 *
 * The mutex must later on be released by the same task that
 * acquired it. Recursive locking is not allowed. The task
 * may not exit without first unlocking the mutex. Also, kernel
 * memory where the mutex resides mutex must not be freed with
 * the mutex still locked. The mutex must first be initialized
 * (or statically defined) before it can be locked. memset()-ing
 * the mutex to 0 is not allowed.
 *
 * ( The CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES .config option turns on debugging
 *   checks that will enforce the restrictions and will also do
 *   deadlock debugging. )
 *
 * This function is similar to (but not equivalent to) down().
 */
void __sched mutex_lock(struct mutex *lock)
{
	might_sleep();
	/*
	 * The locking fastpath is the 1->0 transition from
	 * 'unlocked' into 'locked' state.
	 */
	__mutex_fastpath_lock(&lock->count, __mutex_lock_slowpath);
	mutex_set_owner(lock);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP
  void __might_sleep(const char *file, int line, int preempt_offset);
/**
 * might_sleep - annotation for functions that can sleep
 *
 * this macro will print a stack trace if it is executed in an atomic
 * context (spinlock, irq-handler, ...).
 *
 * This is a useful debugging help to be able to catch problems early and not
 * be bitten later when the calling function happens to sleep when it is not
 * supposed to.
 */
# define might_sleep() \
	do { __might_sleep(__FILE__, __LINE__, 0); might_resched(); } while (0)
#else
  static inline void __might_sleep(const char *file, int line,
				   int preempt_offset) { }
# define might_sleep() do { might_resched(); } while (0)
#endif

/*
 * The locking fastpath is the 1->0 transition from 'unlocked' into 'locked' state.
 */
__mutex_fastpath_lock(&lock->count, __mutex_lock_slowpath);

/**
 *  __mutex_fastpath_lock - try to take the lock by moving the count
 *                          from 1 to a 0 value
 *  @count: pointer of type atomic_t
 *  @fail_fn: function to call if the original value was not 1
 *
 * Change the count from 1 to a value lower than 1, and call <fail_fn> if
 * it wasn't 1 originally. This function MUST leave the value lower than
 * 1 even when the "1" assertion wasn't true.
 */
static inline void
__mutex_fastpath_lock(atomic_t *count, void (*fail_fn)(atomic_t *))
{
	if (unlikely(atomic_dec_return(count) < 0))
		fail_fn(count);
}

__visible void __sched __mutex_lock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
	struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);

	__mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, 0,
			    NULL, _RET_IP_, NULL, 0);
}

/*
 * Lock a mutex (possibly interruptible), slowpath:
 */
static __always_inline int __sched __mutex_lock_common(struct mutex *lock, long state, unsigned int subclass,
		    struct lockdep_map *nest_lock, unsigned long ip,
		    struct ww_acquire_ctx *ww_ctx, const bool use_ww_ctx)
{
	struct task_struct *task = current;
	struct mutex_waiter waiter;
	unsigned long flags;
	int ret;

	preempt_disable();
	mutex_acquire_nest(&lock->dep_map, subclass, 0, nest_lock, ip);

	if (mutex_optimistic_spin(lock, ww_ctx, use_ww_ctx)) {
		/* got the lock, yay! */
		preempt_enable();
		return 0;
	}

	spin_lock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);

	/*
	 * Once more, try to acquire the lock. Only try-lock the mutex if
	 * it is unlocked to reduce unnecessary xchg() operations.
	 */
	if (!mutex_is_locked(lock) && (atomic_xchg(&lock->count, 0) == 1))
		goto skip_wait;

	debug_mutex_lock_common(lock, &waiter);
	debug_mutex_add_waiter(lock, &waiter, task_thread_info(task));

	/* add waiting tasks to the end of the waitqueue (FIFO): */
	list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &lock->wait_list);
	waiter.task = task;

	lock_contended(&lock->dep_map, ip);

	for (;;) {
		/*
		 * Lets try to take the lock again - this is needed even if
		 * we get here for the first time (shortly after failing to
		 * acquire the lock), to make sure that we get a wakeup once
		 * it's unlocked. Later on, if we sleep, this is the
		 * operation that gives us the lock. We xchg it to -1, so
		 * that when we release the lock, we properly wake up the
		 * other waiters. We only attempt the xchg if the count is
		 * non-negative in order to avoid unnecessary xchg operations:
		 */
		if (atomic_read(&lock->count) >= 0 &&
		    (atomic_xchg(&lock->count, -1) == 1))
			break;

		/*
		 * got a signal? (This code gets eliminated in the
		 * TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE case.)
		 */
		if (unlikely(signal_pending_state(state, task))) {
			ret = -EINTR;
			goto err;
		}

		if (use_ww_ctx && ww_ctx->acquired > 0) {
			ret = __mutex_lock_check_stamp(lock, ww_ctx);
			if (ret)
				goto err;
		}

		__set_task_state(task, state);

		/* didn't get the lock, go to sleep: */
		spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
		schedule_preempt_disabled();
		spin_lock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
	}
	mutex_remove_waiter(lock, &waiter, current_thread_info());
	/* set it to 0 if there are no waiters left: */
	if (likely(list_empty(&lock->wait_list)))
		atomic_set(&lock->count, 0);
	debug_mutex_free_waiter(&waiter);

skip_wait:
	/* got the lock - cleanup and rejoice! */
	lock_acquired(&lock->dep_map, ip);
	mutex_set_owner(lock);

	spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
	preempt_enable();
	return 0;
}

if (mutex_optimistic_spin(lock, ww_ctx, use_ww_ctx)) {
	/* got the lock, yay! */
	preempt_enable();
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Once more, try to acquire the lock. Only try-lock the mutex if
 * it is unlocked to reduce unnecessary xchg() operations.
 */
if (!mutex_is_locked(lock) && (atomic_xchg(&lock->count, 0) == 1))
	goto skip_wait;

/* add waiting tasks to the end of the waitqueue (FIFO): */
list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &lock->wait_list);
waiter.task = task;

/**
 * mutex_unlock - release the mutex
 * @lock: the mutex to be released
 *
 * Unlock a mutex that has been locked by this task previously.
 *
 * This function must not be used in interrupt context. Unlocking
 * of a not locked mutex is not allowed.
 *
 * This function is similar to (but not equivalent to) up().
 */
void __sched mutex_unlock(struct mutex *lock)
{
	/*
	 * The unlocking fastpath is the 0->1 transition from 'locked'
	 * into 'unlocked' state:
	 */
	__mutex_fastpath_unlock(&lock->count, __mutex_unlock_slowpath);
}

static inline void
__mutex_fastpath_unlock(atomic_t *count, void (*fail_fn)(atomic_t *))
{
	if (unlikely(atomic_inc_return(count) <= 0))
		fail_fn(count);
}

/*
 * Release the lock, slowpath:
 */
__visible void
__mutex_unlock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
	struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);

	__mutex_unlock_common_slowpath(lock, 1);
}

/*
 * Release the lock, slowpath:
 */
static inline void __mutex_unlock_common_slowpath(struct mutex *lock, int nested)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	/*
	 * As a performance measurement, release the lock before doing other
	 * wakeup related duties to follow. This allows other tasks to acquire
	 * the lock sooner, while still handling cleanups in past unlock calls.
	 * This can be done as we do not enforce strict equivalence between the
	 * mutex counter and wait_list.
	 *
	 *
	 * Some architectures leave the lock unlocked in the fastpath failure
	 * case, others need to leave it locked. In the later case we have to
	 * unlock it here - as the lock counter is currently 0 or negative.
	 */
	if (__mutex_slowpath_needs_to_unlock())
		atomic_set(&lock->count, 1);

	spin_lock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
	mutex_release(&lock->dep_map, nested, _RET_IP_);
	debug_mutex_unlock(lock);

	if (!list_empty(&lock->wait_list)) {
		/* get the first entry from the wait-list: */
		struct mutex_waiter *waiter =
				list_entry(lock->wait_list.next,
					   struct mutex_waiter, list);

		debug_mutex_wake_waiter(lock, waiter);

		wake_up_process(waiter->task);
	}

	spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
}

if (__mutex_slowpath_needs_to_unlock())
	atomic_set(&lock->count, 1);

if (!list_empty(&lock->wait_list)) {
	/* get the first entry from the wait-list: */
	struct mutex_waiter *waiter = list_entry(lock->wait_list.next,struct mutex_waiter, list);

	debug_mutex_wake_waiter(lock, waiter);
	wake_up_process(waiter->task);
}