人工智能在欧盟决策中的应用。对公民的输入、输出和输出合法性的影响(CS CY)

缺乏合法性削弱了欧盟(EU)解决重大危机的能力，并威胁到整个体系的稳定。 通过将数字数据纳入政治进程，欧盟寻求将决策越来越多地建立在健全的经验证明之上。 特别是，人工智能系统有可能通过识别紧迫的社会问题、预测潜在的政策结果、为政策过程提供信息以及评估政策的有效性来提高合法性。 本文研究了三种不同的决策安排如何影响公民对欧盟投入、吞吐量和产出合法性的认知。 第一，独立的人类决策，HDM，第二，独立的算法决策，ADM，第三，欧盟政客和人工智能系统的混合决策。 对572名受访者预先注册的在线实验结果显示，欧盟现有的决策安排仍被视为最民主的投入合法性。 然而，关于决策进程本身——通过量合法性——及其政策成果——产出合法性，在涉及行政和民主选举的欧盟机构的现状和混合决策之间没有观察到差异。 在ADM系统是唯一决策者的情况下，受访者往往认为这些决策是非法的。 本文讨论了这些发现对欧盟合法性和数据驱动政策制定的影响。

原文题目：Artificial Intelligence for EU Decision-Making. Effects on Citizens Perceptions of Input, Throughput and Output Legitimacy

原文：A lack of political legitimacy undermines the ability of the European Union to resolve major crises and threatens the stability of the system as a whole. By integrating digital data into political processes, the EU seeks to base decision-making increasingly on sound empirical evidence. In particular, artificial intelligence systems have the potential to increase political legitimacy by identifying pressing societal issues, forecasting potential policy outcomes, informing the policy process, and evaluating policy effectiveness. This paper investigates how citizens perceptions of EU input, throughput, and output legitimacy are influenced by three distinct decision-making arrangements. First, independent human decision-making, HDM, Second, independent algorithmic decision-making, ADM, and, third, hybrid decision-making by EU politicians and AI-based systems together. The results of a pre-registered online experiment with 572 respondents suggest that existing EU decision-making arrangements are still perceived as the most democratic - input legitimacy. However, regarding the decision-making process itself - throughput legitimacy - and its policy outcomes - output legitimacy, no difference was observed between the status quo and hybrid decision-making involving both ADM and democratically elected EU institutions. Where ADM systems are the sole decision-maker, respondents tend to perceive these as illegitimate. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for EU legitimacy and data-driven policy-making.

原文作者： Christopher Starke

原文地址：https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.11320