节选自《Netkiller Spring Cloud 手札》
常见的校验注解
@Null 被注释的元素必须为 null
@NotNull 被注释的元素必须不为 null
@AssertTrue 被注释的元素必须为 true
@AssertFalse 被注释的元素必须为 false
@Min(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字,其值必须大于等于指定的最小值
@Max(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字,其值必须小于等于指定的最大值
@DecimalMin(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字,其值必须大于等于指定的最小值
@DecimalMax(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字,其值必须小于等于指定的最大值
@Size(max=, min=) 被注释的元素的大小必须在指定的范围内
@Digits (integer, fraction) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字,其值必须在可接受的范围内
@Past 被注释的元素必须是一个过去的日期
@Future 被注释的元素必须是一个将来的日期
@Pattern(regex=,flag=) 被注释的元素必须符合指定的正则表达式
Hibernate Validator提供的校验注解:
@NotBlank(message =) 验证字符串非null,且长度必须大于0
@Email 被注释的元素必须是电子邮箱地址
@Length(min=,max=) 被注释的字符串的大小必须在指定的范围内
@NotEmpty 被注释的字符串的必须非空
@Range(min=,max=,message=) 被注释的元素必须在合适的范围内
package web.domain;
import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
import javax.validation.constraints.Min;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
public class User {
private Long id;
@NotNull(message = "用户账号不能为空")
@Size(min = 6, max = 11, message = "账号长度必须是6-11个字符")
private String username;
@NotNull(message = "用户密码不能为空")
@Size(min = 6, max = 8, message = "密码长度必须是6-8个字符")
private String password;
@NotNull(message = "用户邮箱不能为空")
@Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确")
private String email;
// 不允许为空,并且年龄的最小值为18
@NotNull
@Min(18)
private Integer age;
public User() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", email=" + email + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
package web.restful;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import web.domain.User;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/restful")
public class TestRestController {
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String home() {
return "OK";
}
@PostMapping("/validation")
public String addUser(@RequestBody @Valid User user, BindingResult bindingResult) {
// 如果有参数校验失败,返回错误信息
if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
System.out.println(user.toString());
System.out.println(bindingResult.getErrorCount());
System.out.println(bindingResult.getAllErrors());
}
for (ObjectError error : bindingResult.getAllErrors()) {
return error.getDefaultMessage();
}
return user.toString();
}
}
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/Management % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkillermsn.com"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation
邮箱格式不正确
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/Management % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation
must not be null
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/Management % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com", "age":20}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation
User [id=100000, username=netkiller, password=123456, email=netkiller@msn.com, age=20]
下面实现一个手机号码检查的注解。
@Retention :用来说明该注解类的生命周期。它有以下三个参数:
RetentionPolicy.SOURCE : 注解只保留在源文件中
RetentionPolicy.CLASS : 注解保留在class文件中,在加载到JVM虚拟机时丢弃
RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME : 注解保留在程序运行期间,此时可以通过反射获得定义在某个类上的所有注解。
@Target : 用来说明该注解可以被声明在那些元素之前。
ElementType.TYPE:说明该注解只能被声明在一个类前。
ElementType.FIELD:说明该注解只能被声明在一个类的字段前。
ElementType.METHOD:说明该注解只能被声明在一个类的方法前。
ElementType.PARAMETER:说明该注解只能被声明在一个方法参数前。
ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR:说明该注解只能声明在一个类的构造方法前。
ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE:说明该注解只能声明在一个局部变量前。
ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE:说明该注解只能声明在一个注解类型前。
ElementType.PACKAGE:说明该注解只能声明在一个包名前。
@Constraint来限定自定义注解的方法
package cn.netkiller.web.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
import cn.netkiller.web.annotation.impl.MobileValidator;
@Target({ ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE, ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR, ElementType.PARAMETER })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Constraint(validatedBy = MobileValidator.class)
@Documented
// 注解的实现类。
public @interface Mobile {
// 校验错误的默认信息
String message() default "手机号码格式不正确!";
// 是否强制校验
boolean isRequired() default true;
Class<?>[] groups() default {};
Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}
package cn.netkiller.web.annotation.impl;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import cn.netkiller.web.annotation.Mobile;
public class MobileValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Mobile, String> {
public MobileValidator() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
private boolean required = false;
@Override
public void initialize(Mobile constraintAnnotation) {
required = constraintAnnotation.isRequired();
}
@Override
public boolean isValid(String phone, ConstraintValidatorContext constraintValidatorContext) {
Pattern mobile_pattern = Pattern.compile("1\\d{10}");
// System.out.println(phone);
// 是否为手机号的实现
if (required) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(phone)) {
return false;
}
Matcher m = mobile_pattern.matcher(phone);
return m.matches();
} else {
return StringUtils.isEmpty(phone);
}
}
}
package cn.netkiller.web.domain;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
import javax.validation.constraints.Future;
import javax.validation.constraints.Min;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
import cn.netkiller.web.annotation.Mobile;
public class User {
private Long id;
@NotNull(message = "用户账号不能为空")
@Size(min = 6, max = 11, message = "账号长度必须是6-11个字符")
private String username;
@NotNull(message = "用户密码不能为空")
@Size(min = 6, max = 8, message = "密码长度必须是6-8个字符")
private String password;
@NotNull(message = "用户邮箱不能为空")
@Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确")
private String email;
// 这里是新添加的注解奥
@Mobile(message = "手机号码格式错误!!!")
private String phone;
// 不允许为空,并且年龄的最小值为18
@NotNull
@Min(18)
private Integer age;
@Future
private Date createTime;
public User() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", email=" + email + ", phone=" + phone + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com", "age":20, "phone":"BB"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation
手机号码格式错误!!!
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com", "age":20, "phone":"2433"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation
手机号码格式错误!!!
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com", "age":20, "phone":"130"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation
手机号码格式错误!!!%
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com", "age":20, "phone":"13022223333"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation
User [id=100000, username=netkiller, password=123456, email=netkiller@msn.com, phone=13022223333, age=20]%