Java测试框架推荐

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CoffeeLand

修改于 2020-05-18 11:25:58

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修改于 2020-05-18 11:25:58

文章被收录于专栏：CoffeeLand

一个好的,稳健的系统, 是函数经过数次稳健的UT测试, API和Service之间是经过BDD测试的

Java测试框架介绍

java有很多测试类框架, 开发中有很多比如Mokito, powermock, wiremock, cucumber ,但是powermock测试,sonar不认其覆盖率.

Mockito

What is mock

Mocking is primarily used in unit testing. An object under test may have dependencies on other (complex) objects. To isolate the behavior of the object you want to replace the other objects by mocks that simulate the behavior of the real objects. This is useful if the real objects are impractical to incorporate into the unit test.

From <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2665812/what-is-mocking>

以下所有的例子以下图为依据，写UserImp的UT UserImplTest

Import mockito

//build.gradlew
repositories { jcenter() }
dependencies { 
	testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-core:2.+" 
	// https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.powermock/powermock-module-junit4
	testCompile group: 'org.powermock', name: 'powermock-module-junit4', version: '2.0.2'
	
	}


// 遇到以下错误需要导入

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not initialize plugin: interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker (alternate: null)

	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader$1.invoke(PluginLoader.java:74)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy8.isTypeMockable(Unknown Source)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.typeMockabilityOf(MockUtil.java:29)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.MockCreationValidator.validateType(MockCreationValidator.java:22)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.validatedSettings(MockSettingsImpl.java:240)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.build(MockSettingsImpl.java:228)
	at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:61)
	at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1908)

Mock and injectMock

@Mock 用来mock 独立没有依赖的类
@InjectMock 用于去mock有依赖的类
For dependent classes, we used mocks.
From <https://howtodoinjava.com/mockito/mockito-mock-injectmocks/> 


import com.kaifei.model.User;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UserImplTest {

    @Mock
    UserHandler userHandler;

    @InjectMocks
    UserImpl userImpl;

    @Before
    public void before()
    {
        //Initializes objects annotated with Mockito annotations for given testClass: @Mock, @Spy, @Captor, @InjectMocks
        //See examples in javadoc for MockitoAnnotations class.
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetAllUser()
    {
        //given
        User james = new User("james", 23);
        ArrayList<User> objects = new ArrayList<>();
        objects.add(james);
        Mockito.when(userHandler.getAll()).thenReturn(objects);

        //when
        List<User> actUsers = userImpl.getaAllUsers();

        //then
        Assert.assertEquals("get all done!", objects, actUsers);
    }

}

mock方法的返回值

 Mockito.when(sharingDataHandler.createSharingData()).thenReturn(sharingUuid);

Mock方法被执行了一次

用来测void方法

    @Test
    public void testCreateUser200()
    {
        //given
        User james = new User("james", 23);

        //when
        userImpl.creatUser(james);

        //then verify the UserHandler::createUser was executed only once
        Mockito.verify(userHandler, Mockito.times(1)).createUser(james);
    }

Mock throw exception

@Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
    public void testCreatUser()
    {
        //given
        User james = new User("james", 23);
        
        //when
        userImpl.creatUser(james);
        
        //then
        //catch NullPointerException exception
    }

RabbitMQ clear Message

  @Autowired
 private MessageCollector messageCollector;
@After("@CleanAllMessages")
 public final void cleanAllMessages()
 {
 try
 {
 mockMvc.perform(
 delete("/messages/").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE).content("[]"));
 messageCollector.forChannel(messageSource.statusmessageChannel()).clear();
 }
 catch (Exception e)
 {
 throw new CucumberException("Stopped at \"user invokes root cleanAllMessages:\"", e);
 }
 }

Cucumber

cucum是BDD测试框架的一个工具, 能够测试组件与组件之间的API调用, service里API的测试

https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1628939

WireMock

Mock your APIs for fast, robust and comprehensive testing
WireMock is a simulator for HTTP-based APIs. Some might consider it a service virtualization tool or a mock server.

It enables you to stay productive when an API you depend on doesn't exist or isn't complete. It supports testing of edge cases and failure modes that the real API won't reliably produce. And because it's fast it can reduce your build time from hours down to minutes.