一个好的,稳健的系统, 是函数经过数次稳健的UT测试, API和Service之间是经过BDD测试的
java有很多测试类框架, 开发中有很多比如Mokito, powermock, wiremock, cucumber ,但是powermock测试,sonar不认其覆盖率.
Mocking is primarily used in unit testing. An object under test may have dependencies on other (complex) objects. To isolate the behavior of the object you want to replace the other objects by mocks that simulate the behavior of the real objects. This is useful if the real objects are impractical to incorporate into the unit test.
From <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2665812/what-is-mocking>
以下所有的例子以下图为依据, 写UserImp的UT UserImplTest
//build.gradlew
repositories { jcenter() }
dependencies {
testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-core:2.+"
// https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.powermock/powermock-module-junit4
testCompile group: 'org.powermock', name: 'powermock-module-junit4', version: '2.0.2'
}
// 遇到以下错误需要导入
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not initialize plugin: interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker (alternate: null)
at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader$1.invoke(PluginLoader.java:74)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy8.isTypeMockable(Unknown Source)
at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.typeMockabilityOf(MockUtil.java:29)
at org.mockito.internal.util.MockCreationValidator.validateType(MockCreationValidator.java:22)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.validatedSettings(MockSettingsImpl.java:240)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.build(MockSettingsImpl.java:228)
at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:61)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1908)
@Mock 用来mock 独立没有依赖的类
@InjectMock 用于去mock有依赖的类
For dependent classes, we used mocks.
From <https://howtodoinjava.com/mockito/mockito-mock-injectmocks/>
import com.kaifei.model.User;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UserImplTest {
@Mock
UserHandler userHandler;
@InjectMocks
UserImpl userImpl;
@Before
public void before()
{
//Initializes objects annotated with Mockito annotations for given testClass: @Mock, @Spy, @Captor, @InjectMocks
//See examples in javadoc for MockitoAnnotations class.
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
}
@Test
public void testGetAllUser()
{
//given
User james = new User("james", 23);
ArrayList<User> objects = new ArrayList<>();
objects.add(james);
Mockito.when(userHandler.getAll()).thenReturn(objects);
//when
List<User> actUsers = userImpl.getaAllUsers();
//then
Assert.assertEquals("get all done!", objects, actUsers);
}
}
Mockito.when(sharingDataHandler.createSharingData()).thenReturn(sharingUuid);
用来测void方法
@Test
public void testCreateUser200()
{
//given
User james = new User("james", 23);
//when
userImpl.creatUser(james);
//then verify the UserHandler::createUser was executed only once
Mockito.verify(userHandler, Mockito.times(1)).createUser(james);
}
@Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
public void testCreatUser()
{
//given
User james = new User("james", 23);
//when
userImpl.creatUser(james);
//then
//catch NullPointerException exception
}
@Autowired
private MessageCollector messageCollector;
@After("@CleanAllMessages")
public final void cleanAllMessages()
{
try
{
mockMvc.perform(
delete("/messages/").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE).content("[]"));
messageCollector.forChannel(messageSource.statusmessageChannel()).clear();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new CucumberException("Stopped at \"user invokes root cleanAllMessages:\"", e);
}
}
cucum是BDD测试框架的一个工具, 能够测试组件与组件之间的API调用, service里API的测试
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1628939
Mock your APIs for fast, robust and comprehensive testing
WireMock is a simulator for HTTP-based APIs. Some might consider it a service virtualization tool or a mock server.
It enables you to stay productive when an API you depend on doesn't exist or isn't complete. It supports testing of edge cases and failure modes that the real API won't reliably produce. And because it's fast it can reduce your build time from hours down to minutes.
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如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
原创声明:本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表,未经许可,不得转载。
如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。