自建CA认证和证书

####################################################################
[ ca ]
default_ca  = CA_default        # The default ca section(默认的CA配置，是CA_default,下面第一个小节就是)
####################################################################
[ CA_default ]
dir     = /etc/pki/CA       # Where everything is kept （dir变量）
certs       = $dir/certs       # Where the issued certs are kept（认证证书目录）
crl_dir     = $dir/crl     # Where the issued crl are kept（注销证书目录）
database    = $dir/index.txt   # database index file.（数据库索引文件）
new_certs_dir   = $dir/newcerts        # default place for new certs.（新证书的默认位置）
certificate = $dir/cacert.pem  # The CA certificate（CA机构证书）
serial      = $dir/serial      # The current serial number（当前序号，默认为空，可以指定从01开始）
crlnumber   = $dir/crlnumber   # the current crl number（下一个吊销证书序号）
                    # must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl     = $dir/crl.pem         # The current CRL（下一个吊销证书）
private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key（CA机构的私钥）
RANDFILE    = $dir/private/.rand   # private random number file（随机数文件）
x509_extensions = usr_cert      # The extentions to add to the cert
# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"
# (and highly broken) format.
name_opt    = ca_default        # Subject Name options（被颁发者，订阅者选项）
cert_opt    = ca_default        # Certificate field options（认证字段参数）
# Extension copying option: use with caution.
# copy_extensions = copy
# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.
# crl_extensions    = crl_ext
default_days    = 365           # how long to certify for （默认的有效期天数是365）
default_crl_days= 30            # how long before next CRL
default_md  = sha256        # use SHA-256 by default
preserve    = no            # keep passed DN ordering
# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
# and supplied fields are just that :-)
policy      = policy_match  # 是否匹配规则
# For the CA policy
[ policy_match ]
countryName     = match   # 国家名是否匹配，match为匹配
stateOrProvinceName = match  # 州或省名是否需要匹配
organizationName    = match  # 组织名是否需要匹配
organizationalUnitName  = optional # 组织的部门名字是否需要匹配
commonName      = supplied # 注释
emailAddress        = optional # 邮箱地址
# For the 'anything' policy
# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
# types.
[ policy_anything ]
countryName     = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName        = optional
organizationName    = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName      = supplied
emailAddress        = optional
####################################################################

dir             = /etc/pki/CA           # Where everything is kept （dir变量）
certs           = $dir/certs            # Where the issued certs are kept（认证证书目录）
database        = $dir/index.txt        # database index file.（数据库索引文件）
new_certs_dir   = $dir/newcerts         # default place for new certs.（新证书的默认位置）
certificate     = $dir/cacert.pem       # The CA certificate（CA机构证书）
serial          = $dir/serial           # The current serial number（当前序号，默认为空，可以指定从01开始）
private_key     = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key（CA机构的私钥）

[root@aliyun ~]#(umask 066;openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 4096)
Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus
.....++
..............................................++

[root@aliyun ~]#openssl req -new -key /etc/pki/tls/private/blog.key -days 3560 -out /etc/pki/tls/blog.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN (国名（2个字母代码）[XX]：CN）
State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing（州或省名称（全称）北京）
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Bejing （地区名称（如城市）[默认城市]：北京）
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:shangdigongsi（组织名称（如公司）：上帝公司）
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:centos（组织单位名称：opt）
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:opt （通用名称（例如，您的名字或您的服务器的主机名）[]：centos）
Email Address []:（电子邮件地址[]：1353250703@qq.com）

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes （请输入以下“额外”属性）
to be sent with your certificate request（要发送您的证书请求）
A challenge password []:（密码[ ]：）
An optional company name []:（可选的公司名称）

 - CA签署证书，并将证书颁发给请求者
<center><img src="http://zhangqifei.top/picture/ifeier/data/ca.jpg" width = "500" height = "200" alt="openssl" align=center /></center>

> 注意：默认国家，省，公司名称三项必须和CA一致

 - 把blog.crt证书回传给申请者，申请者可以使用此证书。

> 证书可以放在网站里，比如tomacat服务有专门存放证书的地方，还有可能需要转化格式，此处使用方法暂略

### 4、吊销证书
 - 在客户端获取要吊销的证书的serial
```bash
openssl x509 -in /PATH/FROM/CERT_FILE -noout -serial -subject




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openssl ca -revoke /etc/pki/CA/newcerts/SERIAL.pem




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echo 01 > /etc/pki/CA/crlnumber




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openssl ca -gencrl -out /etc/pki/CA/crl/crl.pem




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openssl crl -in /etc/pki/CA/crl/crl.pem -noout -text