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社区首页 >专栏 >【验证码】SpringBoot前后端分离验证码

【验证码】SpringBoot前后端分离验证码

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无道
发布2020-06-22 15:33:16
5K2
发布2020-06-22 15:33:16
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文章被收录于专栏:无道编程

1. 前言

接着这篇,来记录下图片验证码如何做

自用SpringBoot完整初始化配置

其实前后端验证码还是有很多思路的,不同思路有不同结果。

本篇文章记录的是我目前正在用的一种思路,不一定合所有人胃口,但我觉得是很不错的一种思路;

2. 思路

很简单,写一个接口返回验证码的base64编码和一个代表验证码真实值在redis中的key

代码语言:javascript
复制
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class VerifyCodeDto {
    private String code;
    private String image;
}

很简单了,把这两样东西传递给前端,前端用户输入验证码后,把同样的code传递给后端,后端依据code把真实的验证码值和用户传来的值对比,不就可以了吗?

思路很简单,需要两步:

1、生成base64验证码

2、使用redis

3. 步骤

3.1. 修改login的过滤器
代码语言:javascript
复制
@Slf4j
public class JwtLoginFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {


    private final JwtUtils jwtUtils;
    private final VerifyCodeCheck verifyCodeCheck;
    private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    public JwtLoginFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, JwtUtils jwtUtils, VerifyCodeCheck verifyCodeCheck) {
        this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
        this.setRequiresAuthenticationRequestMatcher(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/auth/login", "POST"));
        this.jwtUtils = jwtUtils;
        this.verifyCodeCheck = verifyCodeCheck;
    }


    @Override
    public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
                                                HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {

        log.info("Authentication-->>attemptAuthentication");

        // 从输入流中获取到登录的信息
        try {
            final UserDto userDto = new ObjectMapper().readValue(request.getInputStream(), UserDto.class);
            // 验证 验证码
            final String verifyCode = userDto.getVerifyCode();
            final String code = userDto.getCode();
            log.info("verifyCode ==>>{}", verifyCode);
            log.info("code ==>>{}", code);

            try {
                verifyCodeCheck.checkVerifyCode(verifyCode, code);
            } catch (MyException e) {
                try {
                    request.setAttribute("filter.error", e);
                    request.getRequestDispatcher("/error/throw").forward(request, response);
                } catch (ServletException servletException) {
                    // servletException.printStackTrace();
                }
                // e.printStackTrace();
                return null;
            }

            return this.authenticationManager.authenticate(
                    new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDto.getUsername(), userDto.getPassword())
            );

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }


    // 成功验证后调用的方法
    // 如果验证成功,就生成token并返回
    @Override
    protected void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
                                            HttpServletResponse response,
                                            FilterChain chain,
                                            Authentication authResult) throws IOException, ServletException {

        UserEntity user = (UserEntity) authResult.getPrincipal();
        System.out.println("user:" + user.toString());

        String role = "";
        Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = user.getAuthorities();
        for (GrantedAuthority authority : authorities) {
            role = authority.getAuthority();
        }

        String token = jwtUtils.generateToken(user);
        //String token = JwtTokenUtils.createToken(user.getUsername(), false);
        // 返回创建成功的token
        // 但是这里创建的token只是单纯的token
        // 按照jwt的规定,最后请求的时候应该是 `Bearer token`
        // 获取用户信息
        final SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.getContext();
        Map<String, Object> res = new HashMap<>();
        user.setPassword(null);
        res.put("userInfo", user);
        res.put("token", token);
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        AppResult<Object> appResult = AppResultBuilder.success(res, ResultCode.USER_LOGIN_SUCCESS);
        String s = new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(appResult);
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.print(s);//输出
        writer.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void unsuccessfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException failed) throws IOException, ServletException {
        final String message = failed.getMessage();

        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        AppResult<String> appResult;

        if (failed instanceof InternalAuthenticationServiceException) {
            appResult = AppResultBuilder.fail(ResultCode.USER_LOGIN_ERROR);
        } else if (failed instanceof DisabledException) {
            appResult = AppResultBuilder.fail(ResultCode.USER_ACCOUNT_FORBIDDEN);
        } else if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(message)) {
            appResult = AppResultBuilder.fail(message);
        } else {
            appResult = AppResultBuilder.fail(ResultCode.USER_LOGIN_FAIL);
        }
        String s = new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(appResult);
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.print(s);//输出
        writer.close();
    }
}

这里有几点要说的:

1、filter抛出的异常,并不能用全局异常处理器处理,所以还要另做处理

很简单,就是这两行代码,把异常传递给了Controller层

代码语言:javascript
复制
request.setAttribute("filter.error", e);
request.getRequestDispatcher("/error/throw").forward(request, response);

然后在controller层处理即可:

代码语言:javascript
复制
@RestController
public class ErrorController {
    /**
     * 重新抛出异常
     */
    @RequestMapping("/error/throw")
    public void rethrow(HttpServletRequest request) {
        throw ((MyException) request.getAttribute("filter.error"));
    }
}
3.2. Controller

生成验证码的控制器代码:

代码语言:javascript
复制
@GetMapping("/verifyCode")
public AppResult<Object> getVerifyCode() {
    final String stringRandom = VerifyCodeUtils.getStringRandom(4);
    try {
        final String s = VerifyCodeUtils.imageToBase64(120, 40, stringRandom);
        String l = RandomStringUtils.random(10, true, true);
        redisUtils.set(Constant.Common.KEY_VERIFY_CODE + l, stringRandom, 1000);//存储
        final VerifyCodeDto verifyCodeDto = new VerifyCodeDto(l, s);
        log.info("Key: {}, code: {}", l, stringRandom);
        return AppResultBuilder.success(verifyCodeDto, ResultCode.SUCCESS);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return AppResultBuilder.fail(ResultCode.GENERATE_VERIFY_CODE_FAIL);
    }
}
3.3. 验证工具类

由于验证验证码并不是只有一处要用到,所以这里抽象出了一个工具类

代码语言:javascript
复制
@Component
@Slf4j
public class VerifyCodeCheck {
    @Resource
    RedisUtils redisUtils;

    //检查验证码
    public void checkVerifyCode(String verifyCode, String code) throws MyException {
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(verifyCode) || StringUtils.isBlank(code)) {
            throw new MyException(ResultCode.PLEASE_VERIFY_CODE);
        }
        log.info("redisUtils ==>>{} ", redisUtils);

        final String originCode = (String) redisUtils.get(Constant.Common.KEY_VERIFY_CODE + code);
        log.info("originCode ==>>{} ", originCode);

        if (originCode == null) {
            throw new MyException(ResultCode.VERIFY_CODE_EXPIRED);
        }
        if (!originCode.toLowerCase().equals(verifyCode.toLowerCase())) {
            throw new MyException(ResultCode.VERIFY_CODE_ERROR);
        }
        // 走到这一步说明验证码已经验证成功了,所以这一步 就是清除redis中的数据,同一个验证码不能一直用
        redisUtils.del(Constant.Common.KEY_VERIFY_CODE + code);
    }
}
3.4. UserDto

传输登录、注册数据来用的:

代码语言:javascript
复制
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class UserDto {
    @NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空")
    private String username;
    @NotBlank(message = "密码不能为空")
    private String password;
    @NotBlank(message = "验证码不能为空")
    private String verifyCode;
    @NotBlank(message = "验证码数据错误")
    private String code;
    private String email;
}

4. 附录

4.1. RedisUtils
代码语言:javascript
复制
@Component
public class RedisUtils {
    protected Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
    // private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    public RedisUtils() {
    }

    @Resource
    RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;
    // public RedisUtils(RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate) {
    //     this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
    // }


    public boolean expire(String key, long time) {
        try {
            if (time > 0L) {
                this.redisTemplate.expire(key, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            }
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }

    }


    public Long getExpire(String key) {
        return this.redisTemplate.getExpire(key, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }


    public Boolean hasKey(String key) {
        try {
            return this.redisTemplate.hasKey(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }


    public void del(String... key) {
        if (key != null && key.length > 0) {
            if (key.length == 1) {
                this.redisTemplate.delete(key[0]);
            } else {
                this.redisTemplate.delete(CollectionUtils.arrayToList(key));
            }
        }
    }


    public Object get(String key) {
        return key == null ? null : this.redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
    }


    public boolean set(String key, Object value) {
        try {
            this.redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }


    public boolean set(String key, Object value, long time) {
        try {
            if (time > 0L)
                this.redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            else
                this.set(key, value);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }


    public Long incr(String key, long delta) {
        if (delta < 0L) {
            throw new RuntimeException("递增因子必须大于0");
        } else
            return this.redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key, delta);
    }


    public Long decr(String key, long delta) {
        if (delta < 0L) {
            throw new RuntimeException("递增因子必须大于0");
        } else
            return this.redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key, -delta);
    }


    public Object hget(String key, String item) {
        return this.redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(key, item);
    }


    public Map<Object, Object> hmget(String key) {
        return this.redisTemplate.opsForHash().entries(key);
    }


    public boolean hmset(String key, Map<String, Object> map) {
        try {
            this.redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(key, map);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }


    public boolean hmset(String key, Map<String, Object> map, long time) {
        try {
            this.redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(key, map);
            if (time > 0L) {
                this.expire(key, time);
            }
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }


    public boolean hset(String key, String item, Object value) {
        try {
            this.redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key, item, value);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }


    public boolean hset(String key, String item, Object value, long time) {
        try {
            this.redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key, item, value);
            if (time > 0L)
                this.expire(key, time);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }


    public void hdel(String key, Object... item) {
        this.redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(key, item);
    }


    public boolean hHasKey(String key, String item) {
        return this.redisTemplate.opsForHash().hasKey(key, item);
    }


    public double hincr(String key, String item, double by) {
        return this.redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(key, item, by);
    }


    public double hdecr(String key, String item, double by) {
        return this.redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(key, item, -by);
    }


    public Set<Object> sGet(String key) {
        try {
            return this.redisTemplate.opsForSet().members(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return null;
        }
    }


    public Boolean sHasKey(String key, Object value) {
        try {
            return this.redisTemplate.opsForSet().isMember(key, value);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }


    public Long sSet(String key, Object... values) {
        try {
            return this.redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(key, values);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return 0L;
        }
    }


    public Long sSetAndTime(String key, long time, Object... values) {
        try {
            Long count = this.redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(key, values);
            if (time > 0L) {
                this.expire(key, time);
            }
            return count;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return 0L;
        }
    }


    public Long sGetSetSize(String key) {
        try {
            return this.redisTemplate.opsForSet().size(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return 0L;
        }
    }


    public List<Object> lGet(String key, long start, long end) {
        try {
            return this.redisTemplate.opsForList().range(key, start, end);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return null;
        }
    }


    public Long lGetListSize(String key) {
        try {
            return this.redisTemplate.opsForList().size(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return 0L;
        }
    }


    public Object lGetIndex(String key, long index) {
        try {
            return this.redisTemplate.opsForList().index(key, index);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return 0L;
        }
    }

    public boolean lSet(String key, Object value) {
        try {
            this.redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush(key, value);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean lSet(String key, Object value, long time) {
        try {
            this.redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush(key, value);
            if (time > 0L) {
                this.expire(key, time);
            }
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean lSet(String key, List<Object> value) {
        try {
            this.redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPushAll(key, value);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean lSet(String key, List<Object> value, long time) {
        try {
            this.redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPushAll(key, value);
            if (time > 0L) {
                this.expire(key, time);
            }
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }


    public boolean lUpdateIndex(String key, long index, Object value) {
        try {
            this.redisTemplate.opsForList().set(key, index, value);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return false;
        }
    }


    public Long lRemove(String key, long count, Object value) {
        try {
            Long remove = this.redisTemplate.opsForList().remove(key, count, value);
            return remove;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            this.logger.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
            return 0L;
        }
    }
}
4.2. VerifyCodeUtils

base64验证码生成工具类

代码语言:javascript
复制
public class VerifyCodeUtils {
    private static final Random random = new Random();

    private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
        if (fc > 255)
            fc = 255;
        if (bc > 255)
            bc = 255;
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

    private static int getRandomIntColor() {
        int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
        int color = 0;
        for (int c : rgb) {
            color = color << 8;
            color = color | c;
        }
        return color;
    }

    private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
        int[] rgb = new int[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
        }
        return rgb;
    }

    private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
        shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
    }

    private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(2);

        int frames = 1;
        int phase = random.nextInt(2);

        for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase) / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
            g.setColor(color);
            g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
            g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
        }

    }

    private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10;

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 20;
        int phase = 7;
        for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase) / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
            g.setColor(color);
            g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
            g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);

        }
    }


    public static String getStringRandom(int length) {
        StringBuilder val = new StringBuilder();
        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            String charOrNum = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? "char" : "num";
            switch (charOrNum) {
                case "char":
                    int temp = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? 65 : 97;
                    val.append((char) (random.nextInt(26) + temp));
                    break;
                case "num":
                    val.append(random.nextInt(10));
                    break;
            }
        }
        return val.toString();
    }


    public static String imageToBase64(int w, int h, String code) throws Exception {
        int verifySize = code.length();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Random rand = new Random();
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        @SuppressWarnings("MismatchedReadAndWriteOfArray") Color[] colors = new Color[5];
        Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN, Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA,
                Color.ORANGE, Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};
        @SuppressWarnings("MismatchedReadAndWriteOfArray") float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
            colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
            fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
        }
        Arrays.sort(fractions);

        g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);

        Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
        g2.setColor(c);
        g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);


        Random random = new Random();
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
            int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
            int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
            int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
            g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
        }


        float yawpRate = 0.05f;
        int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
        for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w);
            int y = random.nextInt(h);
            int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
            image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
        }

        shear(g2, w, h, c);

        g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
        int fontSize = h - 4;
        Font font = new Font("Arial", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
        g2.setFont(font);
        char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
            AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
            affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1),
                    (w * 1.0 / verifySize) * i + fontSize / 2.0, h / 2.0);
            g2.setTransform(affine);
            g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w - 10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);
        }
        g2.dispose();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", baos);
        return new BASE64Encoder().encode(baos.toByteArray());
    }


    public static void base64ToImage(String base64) {
        BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
        try {
            File file = new File("./test.jpg");
            FileOutputStream write = new FileOutputStream(file);
            byte[] decoderBytes = decoder.decodeBuffer(base64);
            write.write(decoderBytes);
            write.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // base64ToImage();
        imageToBase64(120, 40, getStringRandom(4));
    }
}
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目录
  • 1. 前言
  • 2. 思路
  • 3. 步骤
    • 3.1. 修改login的过滤器
      • 3.2. Controller
        • 3.3. 验证工具类
          • 3.4. UserDto
          • 4. 附录
            • 4.1. RedisUtils
              • 4.2. VerifyCodeUtils
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              验证码
              腾讯云新一代行为验证码(Captcha),基于十道安全栅栏, 为网页、App、小程序开发者打造立体、全面的人机验证。最大程度保护注册登录、活动秒杀、点赞发帖、数据保护等各大场景下业务安全的同时,提供更精细化的用户体验。
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