Oracle 19c 之 RPM 包安装初体验（一）
Oracle 19c 之 RPM 包安装初体验（一）
作者 | JiekeXu
来源 | JiekeXu之路（ID: JiekeXu_IT）
Oracle 自18c 开始，便已经提供Linux 环境单机的 rpm 安装方式，不过仅支持单实例安装，不支持集群，也只有企业版，其他版本的没有发布，不过有2.5 G 大小。
昨天在墨天轮数说里，看到恩墨盖总发的 Oracle 数据库的产品支持生命周期又有更新了。大概是说Oracle 19c 的支持期继续延展了，这样相当于有七年的支持时间，可以获得技术支持和补丁支持，是目前最值得安装的版本。12c、18c、20c 这些都是过渡版本，生命周期比较短暂。Oracle 20c 原计划今年 6 月发布但也尚未浮出水面，估计因为疫情的影响，Oracle 20c 今年极有可能不做正式发布了，随着 OOW 大会的临近，Oracle 21c 的信息即将会展示出来，敬请期待吧。
原文 Release Schedule of Current Database Releases (Doc ID 742060.1) 于 2020.6.16 日更新了，有账号的伙伴可以去查看。
安装检查过程
下面根据官方文档一起看看安装过程和检查步骤
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/ladbi/index.html
首先操作系统版本要求 Oracle Linux7.4、RedHat 7.5 或者 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server12 SP3以上版本，我这里的版本是 RedHat 7.4 勉强可以凑合安装，Linux 6 已经不在支持范围内了。
检查磁盘空间，Linux 企业版需要至少 7.2 G 的空间
更多环境检查步骤请查看上文官方文档链接即可，下面来看看软件下载。
软件下载
在 Oracle 官网上便可以轻松下载如下软件包，你只需要注册一个账号即可，如果你没有账号，不知道怎么下载，没关系，我这里下载好了，公众号[ID:JiekeXu_IT]后台回复【19cRPM包下载】即可获得。
https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html
如果你的系统是Oracle Linux 平台，直接
yum -y installoracle-database-preinstall-19c如果不是OracleLinux 平台，首先要下载对应平台的RPM，我这里用的是RedHat7.4，下载链接地址 https://oss.oracle.com/ol7/SRPMS-updates/ 搜索 -19c 即可找到，下载最新的即可。也可使用如下地址 https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/index.html
使用最新的即可，当然你也可以选择下载这里的 Oracle Linux 操作系统，注册Oracle 账号即可从如下网址下载软件。
https://edelivery.oracle.com/osdc/faces/SoftwareDelivery
检查基础环境配置
然后将软件包一起上传至服务器 /soft 目录。
[root@localhost soft]# ll
total 524244
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271761408 Jun 1722:18 oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19552 Jun 17 22:10oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost soft]#
[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivhoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning:oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
bc is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
bind-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1 is needed byoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel is needed byoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
nfs-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
psmisc is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
smartmontools is needed byoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
unzip is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
xorg-x11-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
xorg-x11-xauth is needed byoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost soft]#
如上使用 rpm 安装时需要很多依赖包，所以这里改用 yum 安装方式，首先配置 yum 源，我这里使用本地 yum 源的方式，将光盘传至本地 /media 目录下，新建配置 /etc/yum.repos.d/test.repo 文件如下，大家可随意选择合适自己的安装方式即可。
第一步：preinstall 包安装
[root@localhost soft]# yum installoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm -y
Loaded plugins: product-id,search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with anentitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Examiningoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm:oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
Marking oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpmto be installed
Resolving Dependencies
………………（省略安装信息）…………
Installed:
oracle-database-preinstall-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-2.el7
Dependency Installed:
bc.x86_64 0:1.06.95-13.el7 bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.9.4-50.el7 bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.9.4-50.el7 compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7
gssproxy.x86_64 0:0.7.0-4.el7 keyutils.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7 libXmu.x86_64 0:1.1.2-2.el7
libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7 libXt.x86_64 0:1.1.5-3.el7 libXv.x86_64 0:1.0.11-1.el7 libXxf86dga.x86_64 0:1.1.4-2.1.el7
libXxf86misc.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.1.el7 libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 libbasicobjects.x86_64 0:0.1.1-27.el7 libcollection.x86_64 0:0.6.2-27.el7
libdmx.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7 libevent.x86_64 0:2.0.21-4.el7 libini_config.x86_64 0:1.3.0-27.el7 libnfsidmap.x86_64 0:0.25-17.el7
libpath_utils.x86_64 0:0.2.1-27.el7 libref_array.x86_64 0:0.1.5-27.el7 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-16.el7 libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.4-0.10.el7
libverto-libevent.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 mailx.x86_64 0:12.5-16.el7 nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.48.el7 psmisc.x86_64 0:22.20-15.el7
quota.x86_64 1:4.01-14.el7 quota-nls.noarch 1:4.01-14.el7 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-42.el7 smartmontools.x86_64 1:6.2-8.el7
tcp_wrappers.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7 unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-16.el7 xorg-x11-utils.x86_640:7.5-22.el7 xorg-x11-xauth.x86_641:1.0.9-1.el7
Complete!
安装 19c 数据库软件
然后直接使用 yum 命令安装 19c 数据库软件
第二步：database 软件安装
[root@localhost soft]# yum installoracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos,subscription-manager
This system is not registered with anentitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Examiningoracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm: oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64
Marking oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpmto be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Packageoracle-database-ee-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-database-ee-19c x86_64 1.0-1 /oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64 6.9 G
Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Totalsize: 6.9 G
Installedsize: 6.9 G
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
[INFO] Executing post installationscripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully andready to be configured.
To configure a sample Oracle Database youcan execute the following service configuration script as root:/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
Verifying :oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
oracle-database-ee-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1
Complete!
[INFO] Executing post installation scripts... [INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured. To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
如上信息，执行完脚本 Oracle home 配置安装完成，发现 oracle 用户也创建成功了， 然后便使用 /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c 文件可以配置一个模板数据库。那么我们看一下这个文件内容都有啥？
首先看到提示 RedHat or SuSE 需要配置 /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c，继续看一下这个文件内容呢？
[root@localhost opt]# more/etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c.conf
#This is a configuration file to setup theOracle Database.
#It is used when running'/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB configure'.
#Please use this file to modify the defaultlistener port and the
#Oracle data location.
# LISTENER_PORT: Database listener
LISTENER_PORT=1521
# ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION: Database oradatalocation
ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/oradata
# EM_EXPRESS_PORT: Oracle EM Expresslistener
EM_EXPRESS_PORT=5500可以看到这个文件就是配置监听端口、EM 端口号以及数据文件位置，默认为 /opt/oracle/oradata可按照自己机器实际情况修改，我这里将其修改为 /u01/app/oracle/oradata，然后建立目录赋权，如果上图中的实例名、数据库名均不需要改动的话，直接按照提示使用root 运行以下命令
/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
配置实例即可，约 10 分钟左右即可完成。
[root@localhost soft]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata
[root@localhost soft]# chown -Roracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/oradata
[root@localhost soft]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/oradata
我这里在折腾一下修改数据库名和实例名试试，简单的将其 CDB 名修改为 JiekeCDB， PDB 名字修改为 JiekePDB，其他不做改变，如下所示：
[root@localhost soft]# cp /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19cdb_ORCLCDB-19c_bak
[root@localhost init.d]# ll oracle*
-rwx------ 1 root root 1281 Mar 12 02:22oracle-database-preinstall-19c-firstboot
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10017 Apr 18 2019 oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10017 Jun 18 00:43oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c_bak
[root@localhostinit.d]# mv /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c /etc/init.d/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c
[root@localhostinit.d]# vi /etc/init.d/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c
配置数据库
注意：这里修改了 SID 导致找不到 /etc/sysconfig/下的配置文件，那么需要修改或配置对应的文件名 oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c.conf。然后配置数据库，查看这个脚本文件 oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c 中间部分，其实就是静默创建实例，需要耐心等待10 分钟左右。
[root@localhost init.d]#/etc/init.d/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c configure
The Oracle Database is not configured.Unable to read the configuration file'/etc/sysconfig/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c.conf'
[root@localhost init.d]#
[root@localhost init.d]# cp /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c.conf /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c.conf
[root@localhost init.d]#/etc/init.d/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c configure
Configuring Oracle Database JiekeCDB.
Prepare for db operation
8% complete
Copying database files
31% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
32% complete
36% complete
40% complete
43% complete
46% complete
Completing Database Creation
51% complete
54% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
58% complete
77% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For detailscheck the logfiles at:
/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/JiekeCDB.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:JiekeCDB
System Identifier(SID):JiekeCDB
Look at the log file"/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/JiekeCDB/JiekeCDB.log" for furtherdetails.
Database configuration completedsuccessfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them byconnecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.
使用 oracle 用户登陆数据库，需要简单配置环境变量！
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/oradata
exportORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=JiekeCDB
exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin连接和简单应用
[oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bashrc
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
JiekeCDB
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Productionon Thu Jun 18 14:58:53 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise EditionRelease 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL>
SQL> select inst_id,INSTANCE_NAME,statusfrom gv$instance;
INST_ID INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------- ---------------- ------------
1 JiekeCDB OPEN
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 JIEKEPDB READ WRITE NO
SQL> show con_id
CON_ID
------------------------------
1
SQL>
SQL> alter session setcontainer=JIEKEPDB; --切换到PDB
Session altered.
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
3 JIEKEPDB READ WRITE NO
SQL> sho con_id
CON_ID
------------------------------
3
配置 glogin 文件以及 TNS 修改 sys/system密码直接连接到 PDB。
SYS@JiekeCDB>
SYS@JiekeCDB> alter user sys identifiedby oracle;
User altered.
SYS@JiekeCDB> alter user systemidentified by oracle;
User altered.
SYS@JiekeCDB> quit
[oracle@localhost JIEKECDB]$ sqlplussys/oracle@JIEKEPDB as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Productionon Thu Jun 18 21:25:49 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise EditionRelease 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SYS@JIEKEPDB> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
3 JIEKEPDB READ WRITE NO
SYS@JIEKEPDB> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/JIEKECDB/JiekePDB/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/JIEKECDB/JiekePDB/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/JIEKECDB/JiekePDB/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/JIEKECDB/JiekePDB/users01.dbf
SYS@JIEKEPDB>其他应用及配置可参考以前一篇 12c 相关的文章[Oracle 12CR2 安装配置与基础学习]，这里就不多说了，怎么样？RPM 包安装还是很方便吧，不用图形化、配置监听等，简单多了，和19c 倡导自治数据库不谋而和，基本上实现了一键安装.
参考链接
https://www.eygle.com/archives/2018/10/oracle_18c_orclcdb_install.html
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/ladbi/operating-system-checklist-for-oracle-database-installation-on-linux.html#GUID-E5C0A90E-7750-45D9-A8BC-C7319ED934F0