R语言 双坐标轴组合图形可视化实现

# 1、用法/Usage：
 twoord.plot(lx,ly,rx,ry,data=NULL,main="",xlim=NULL,lylim=NULL,rylim=NULL,
 mar=c(5,4,4,4),lcol=1,rcol=2,xlab="",lytickpos=NA,ylab="",ylab.at=NA,
 rytickpos=NA,rylab="",rylab.at=NA,lpch=1,rpch=2,
 type="b",xtickpos=NULL,xticklab=NULL,halfwidth=0.4,axislab.cex=1,
 do.first=NULL,xaxt="s",...)

# 2、参数解释：
1、lx,ly,rx,ry：左坐标轴和右坐标轴的值
   注意：lx和rx值至少相邻，并且可能重叠
2、data：数据框
3、main：标题
4、xlim、lylim,rylim：限制横坐标值、左右纵坐标值的范围
5、mar：设置图形边界距，默认值为(5,4,4,4)
6、lcol、rcol：左右坐标轴的颜色
7、xlab：设置横坐标轴标签
8、lytickpos：设置左坐标轴刻度标签的位置
9、ylab：设置左坐标轴标签
10、ylab.at：设置左坐标轴标签位置
11、rytickpos：设置右坐标轴刻度标签的位置
12、rylab：设置右坐标轴标签
13、rylab.at：设置右坐标轴标签位置
14、type：指定图形类型 type
  "p" for points,"l" for lines,"b" for both,"c" for the lines part alone of "b",
  "o" for both ‘overplotted’,"h" for ‘histogram’ like (or ‘high-density’) vertical lines,
  "s" for stair steps,"S" for other steps, see ‘Details’ below,
  "n" for no plotting.
15、xtickpos：设置横坐标轴刻度标签位置
16、xticklab：设置横坐标轴刻度标签
……

xval1 <- 2:10
xval2 <- 1:15

going_up <- seq(3,7,by=0.5)+rnorm(9)
going_down <- rev(60:74)+rnorm(15)

twoord.plot(lx = xval1,ly = going_up, rx = xval2, ry = going_down,xlab="Sequence",
            ylab="Ascending values",rylab="Descending values",lcol=4,
            main="Plot with two ordinates - points and lines",
            do.first="plot_bg();grid(col=\"white\",lty=2)")

xval <- seq.Date(as.Date("2017-01-01"),
                  as.Date("2017-01-15"), by="day")

going_up<-seq(3,7,length.out = 15)+rnorm(15)
going_down<-rev(60:74)+rnorm(15)
twoord.plot(xval, going_up, xval, going_down,xlab="Sequence",
            ylab="Ascending values",rylab="Descending values",lcol=4,
            main="Plot with two ordinates - points and lines",
            xtickpos=as.numeric(xval), xticklab=as.character(xval),
            do.first="plot_bg();grid(col=\"white\",lty=1)")
 
 # 注释：xtickpos=as.numeric(xval), xticklab=as.character(xval)两个参数是控制x轴显示日期的关键，请知晓~

## 折线&柱形混合双坐标图形（不含图形数值标签）
twoord.plot(xval1, going_up, xval2, going_down, xlab="Sequence",
            lylim=c(-3,8), rylim=c(50,100), type=c("l","bar"),
            ylab="Ascending values", rylab="Descending values",
            text = list(going_up,going_down),
            lytickpos=3:7, rytickpos=seq(55,75,by=5), ylab.at=5,rylab.at=65,
            main="Lines on left axis, bars on right axis(不含点数值标签）",
            lcol="red", rcol=4,do.first="plot_bg(\"white\")")

## 折线&柱形混合双坐标图形（含图形数值标签）
twoord.plot(xval1, going_up, xval2, going_down, xlab="Sequence",
            lylim=c(-3,8), rylim=c(50,100), type=c("l","bar"),
            ylab="Ascending values", rylab="Descending values",
            text = list(going_up,going_down),
            lytickpos=3:7, rytickpos=seq(55,75,by=5), ylab.at=5,rylab.at=65,
            main="Lines on left axis, bars on right axis(含点数值标签）",
            lcol="red", rcol=4,do.first="plot_bg(\"white\")")


text(xval1, going_up,as.numeric(round(going_up)))
text(xval2,
     (going_down-min(c(50,100)))/(max(c(50,100))-min(c(50,100)))*(max(c(-3,8))-min(c(-3,8)))+min(c(-3,8)+0.5),
     round(going_down))

#注意：
# 1.添加left线形图形标签可直接使用text函数，
# 2.但right柱形图形标签不适合直接使用text标签，需要将右侧ry值等比例转换为ly值
# 3.转换公式：（ry-min（rylim））/（max（rylim）-min（rylim））* （max（lylim）-min（lylim））+ min（lylim）+位置调整值

xhist<-hist(rnorm(100),plot=FALSE)
 xdens<-dnorm(seq(-3,3,by=0.05))
 twoord.plot(xhist$mids,xhist$counts,seq(-3,3,by=0.05),
 xdens,type=c("bar","l"),lcol=4,rcol=2,ylab="Counts",
 rylab="Density",main="Histogram and density curve",
 halfwidth=0.2,lylim=c(0,max(xhist$counts)+1),rylim=c(0,0.45),lwd=2)