1、下载mysql

[root@VM_177_101_centos xieshuang]# docker pull mysql:5.7.18
5.7.18: Pulling from library/mysql
9f0706ba7422: Pull complete 
2290e155d2d0: Pull complete 
547981b8269f: Pull complete 
2c9d42ed2f48: Pull complete 
55e3122f1297: Pull complete 
abc10bd84060: Pull complete 
c0a5ce64f2b0: Pull complete 
c4595eab8e90: Pull complete 
098988cead35: Pull complete 
300ca5fa5eea: Pull complete 
43fdc4e3e690: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d178dffba8d81afedc251498e227607934636e06228ac63d58b72f9e9ec271a6
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7.18
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7.18

2、启动mysql并挂载数据卷

[root@VM_177_101_centos /]# docker run --restart=always --privileged=true -it -d -p 3306:3306 -v /data/docker/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /data/docker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=dx123456 --name mysql mysql:5.7.18 

启动成功控制台会自动打印容器id，这里可以检查一下容器状态

	[root@VM_177_101_centos /]# docker ps 
	CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
	3e0b9431cdec        mysql:5.7.18        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   35 seconds ago      Up 34 seconds       0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp   mysql  

尝试连接一下

[root@VM_177_101_centos src]# mysql -h 127.0.0.1  -P 3307 -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

此时已经连接成功了，也可以通过docker命令docker inspect congtainerId查看挂载内容

"Mounts": [
        {
            "Type": "bind",
            "Source": "/data/docker/mysql/conf",
            "Destination": "/etc/mysql/conf.d",
            "Mode": "",
            "RW": true,
            "Propagation": "rprivate"
        },
        {
            "Type": "bind",
            "Source": "/data/docker/mysql/data",
            "Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
            "Mode": "",
            "RW": true,
            "Propagation": "rprivate"
        }
    ],

到这里安装过程基本结束，最后再设置一下数据库服务器默认编码格式。

		mysql> show variables like 'charac%';
	+--------------------------+----------------------------+
	| Variable_name            | Value                      |
	+--------------------------+----------------------------+
	| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
	| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
	| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
	| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
	| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
	| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
	| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
	| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
	+--------------------------+----------------------------+
	8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

在挂载的宿主机目录(/data/docker/mysql/conf/)下新建my.cnf配置文件，内容如下：

[mysqld]
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
collation_server = utf8_general_ci
character_set_server = utf8
[client]
default_character_set=utf8
#log-error      = /var/log/mysql/error.log
# By default we only accept connections from localhost
#bind-address   = 127.0.0.1
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
#symbolic-links=0

或者我们通过docker cp命令将容器内的配置文件拷贝出来，然后增加编码设置也可以

docker cp a843b1adb96e:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf  /data/docker/mysql/conf/my.cnf

重启容器 docker restart containerId,再查看一下编码是否正常

mysql> show variables like 'charac%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit

好了 剩下可以用navicate等工具连接体验了