由于MQ经常处于复杂的分布式系统中,考虑网络波动、服务宕机、程序异常因素,很有可能出现消息发送或者消费失败的问题。因此,消息的重试就是所有MQ中间件必须考虑到的一个关键点。如果没有消息重试,就可能产生消息丢失的问题,可能对系统产生很大的影响。所以,秉承宁可多发消息,也不可丢失消息的原则,大部分MQ都对消息重试提供了很好的支持。
RocketMQ为使用者封装了消息重试的处理流程,无需开发人员手动处理。RocketMQ支持了生产端和消费端两类重试机制。
//设置消息发送失败时的最大重试次数
public void setRetryTimesWhenSendFailed(int retryTimesWhenSendFailed) {
this.retryTimesWhenSendFailed = retryTimesWhenSendFailed;
}
//同步发送消息,并指定超时时间
public SendResult send(Message msg,
long timeout) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
return this.defaultMQProducerImpl.send(msg, timeout);
}
因此,实现生产端的重试十分简单,例如下面的代码可以设置Producer如果在5s内没有发送成功,则重试5次:
//同步发送消息,如果5秒内没有发送成功,则重试5次
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("DefaultProducer");
producer.setRetryTimesWhenSendFailed(5);
producer.send(msg,5000L);
public enum ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus {
//消费成功
ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus,
//消费失败,一段时间后重试
RECONSUME_LATER;
}
因此,如果Consumer端正常消费成功,一定要返回ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus状态。 下面分别演示两种重试。
messageDelayLevel=1s 5s 10s 30s 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m 20m 30m 1h 2h
package william.rmq.consumer.quickstart;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.consumer.ConsumeFromWhere;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.protocol.heartbeat.MessageModel;
import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.common.RemotingHelper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import william.rmq.common.constant.RocketMQConstant;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @Auther: ZhangShenao
* @Date: 2018/9/7 11:06
* @Description:RocketMQ消息消费者
*/
@Slf4j
@Service
public class MessageConsumer implements MessageListenerConcurrently {
@Value("${spring.rocketmq.namesrvAddr}")
private String namesrvAddr;
private final DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("DefaultConsumer");
@PostConstruct
public void start() {
try {
consumer.setNamesrvAddr(namesrvAddr);
//从消息队列头部开始消费
consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);
//设置集群消费模式
consumer.setMessageModel(MessageModel.CLUSTERING);
//订阅主题
consumer.subscribe("DefaultCluster", "*");
//注册消息监听器
consumer.registerMessageListener(this);
//启动消费端
consumer.start();
log.info("Message Consumer Start...");
System.err.println("Message Consumer Start...");
} catch (MQClientException e) {
log.error("Message Consumer Start Error!!",e);
}
}
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(msgs)) {
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
MessageExt message = msgs.get(0);
try {
//逐条消费
String messageBody = new String(message.getBody(), RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET);
System.err.println("Message Consumer: Handle New Message: messageId: " + message.getMsgId() + ",topic: " +
message.getTopic() + ",tags: " + message.getTags() + ",messageBody: " + messageBody);
//模拟业务异常
int i = 1 / 0;
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Consume Message Error!!", e);
//抛出异常时,返回ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER,尝试重试。当重试指定次数后返回ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS
int reconsumeTimes = message.getReconsumeTimes();
System.err.println("Now Retry Times: " + reconsumeTimes);
if (reconsumeTimes >= RocketMQConstant.MAX_RETRY_TIMES) {
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER;
}
}
}
可以看到控制台打印如下:
Now Retry Times: 3
Message Consumer: Handle New Message: messageId: 0A0E096CA14618B4AAC2562C6D5B0000,topic: DefaultCluster,tags: Tags,messageBody: Message-1
Now Retry Times: 3
Message Consumer: Handle New Message: messageId: C0A81FFA7FF318B4AAC24A37C32C0007,topic: DefaultCluster,tags: Tags,messageBody: Order-2-完成
Now Retry Times: 3
Now Retry Times: 3
Message Consumer: Handle New Message: messageId: C0A81FFA7FF318B4AAC24A37C3290006,topic: DefaultCluster,tags: Tags,messageBody: Order-2-支付
Now Retry Times: 3
Now Retry Times: 3
package william.rmq.consumer.quickstart;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.consumer.ConsumeFromWhere;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.protocol.heartbeat.MessageModel;
import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.common.RemotingHelper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import william.rmq.common.constant.RocketMQConstant;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @Auther: ZhangShenao
* @Date: 2018/9/7 11:06
* @Description:RocketMQ消息消费者
*/
@Slf4j
@Service
public class MessageConsumer implements MessageListenerConcurrently {
@Value("${spring.rocketmq.namesrvAddr}")
private String namesrvAddr;
private final DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("DefaultConsumer");
@PostConstruct
public void start() {
try {
consumer.setNamesrvAddr(namesrvAddr);
//从消息队列头部开始消费
consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);
//设置集群消费模式
consumer.setMessageModel(MessageModel.CLUSTERING);
//设置消费超时时间(分钟)
consumer.setConsumeTimeout(RocketMQConstant.CONSUMER_TIMEOUT_MINUTES);
//订阅主题
consumer.subscribe("DefaultCluster", "*");
//注册消息监听器
consumer.registerMessageListener(this);
//启动消费端
consumer.start();
log.info("Message Consumer Start...");
System.err.println("Message Consumer Start...");
} catch (MQClientException e) {
log.error("Message Consumer Start Error!!",e);
}
}
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(msgs)) {
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
}
MessageExt message = msgs.get(0);
try {
//逐条消费
String messageBody = new String(message.getBody(), RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET);
System.err.println("Message Consumer: Handle New Message: messageId: " + message.getMsgId() + ",topic: " +
message.getTopic() + ",tags: " + message.getTags() + ",messageBody: " + messageBody);
//模拟耗时操作2分钟,大于设置的消费超时时间
Thread.sleep(1000L * 60 * 2);
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Consume Message Error!!", e);
return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER;
}
}
}
由于MQ的重试机制,难免会引起消息的重复消费问题。比如一个ConsumerGroup中有两个,Consumer1和Consumer2,以集群方式消费。假设一条消息发往ConsumerGroup,由Consumer1消费,但是由于Consumer1消费过慢导致超时,次数Broker会将消息发送给Consumer2去消费,这样就产生了重复消费问题。因此,使用MQ时应该对一些关键消息进行幂等去重的处理。