前往小程序,Get更优阅读体验!
立即前往
首页
学习
活动
专区
工具
TVP
发布
社区首页 >专栏 >R-ggTimeSeries | ggplot2: 热力日历图

R-ggTimeSeries | ggplot2: 热力日历图

作者头像
数据小磨坊
发布2020-09-10 16:52:32
2.2K0
发布2020-09-10 16:52:32
举报
文章被收录于专栏:数据小魔方

我们平常的日历也可以当作可视化工具,适用于显示不同时间段,以及活动事件的组织情况。时间段通常以不同单位显示,例如日、周、月和年。今天我们最常用的日历形式是公历,每个月份的月历由7个垂直列组成(代表每周7天),如图所示。

日历图的主要可视化形式有如图6-2-2所示的两种:以年为单位的日历图(见图6-2-2 (a))和以月为单位的日历图(见图6-2-2 (b))。日历图的数据结构一般为(Date,Value),将Value按照Date(日期)在日历上展示,其中Value映射到颜色。

1. ggTimeSeries绘图

R中ggTimeSeries 包[1]的ggplot_calendar_heatmap()函数可以绘制如图6-2-2(a)所示的日历图,但是不能设定日历图每个时间单元的边框格式。

使用stat_calendar_heatmap()函数和ggplot2包的ggplot()函数可以调整日历图每个时间单元的边框格式,具体代码如下所示。其关键是使用as.integer(strftime())日期型处理组合函数获取某天对应所在的年份、月份、周数等数据信息。

代码语言:javascript
复制
#setwd("D:/R/working_documents1")
library(ggplot2)
library(data.table) # 数据格式依赖
library(ggTimeSeries)
library(RColorBrewer)
代码语言:javascript
复制
# 构造随机数据
set.seed(2134)
dat <- data.table(
  date = seq(as.Date("2016-01-01"), as.Date("2019-12-31"), "days"),
  ValueCol = runif(1461)
)

dat[, ValueCol := ValueCol + (strftime(date, "%u") %in% c(6,7)*runif(1)*0.75)
    ][, ValueCol := ValueCol + (abs(as.numeric(strftime(date, "%m")) - 6.5))*runif(1)*0.75
      ][, ':='(Year = as.integer(strftime(date, "%Y")), # add new column
               month = as.integer(strftime(date, "%m")),
               week = as.integer(strftime(date, "%W")))] # 添加列

MonthLabels <- dat[, list(meanWkofYr = mean(week)), by = c("month")
                   ][, month := month.abb[month]]
代码语言:javascript
复制
ggplot(data = dat, aes(date = date, fill = ValueCol)) + 
  stat_calendar_heatmap() + 
  scale_fill_gradientn(colours = rev(brewer.pal(11, "Spectral"))) + 
  scale_y_continuous(name = NULL,
                     breaks = seq(7, 1, -1), 
                     labels = c("Mon", "Tue", "Wed", 
                                "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun")) + 
  scale_x_continuous(name = NULL, 
                     breaks = MonthLabels$meanWkofYr, 
                     labels = MonthLabels$month, 
                     expand = c(0,0)) + 
  facet_wrap(~Year, ncol = 1, strip.position = "right") + 
  theme(panel.background = element_blank(),
        panel.border = element_blank(),
        strip.background = element_blank(),
        strip.text = element_text(size = 13, face = "plain", color = "black"),
        axis.line = element_line(colour = "black", size = 0.25),
        axis.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "plain", color = "black"),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 10, face = "plain", color = "black"))

2.geom_tile()

使用R中ggplot2包的geom_tile()函数,借助facet_wrap()函数分面,就可以绘制如图6-2-2(b)所示的以月为单位的日历图,具体代码如下所示。

代码语言:javascript
复制
label_mons <- c("Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", 
                "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec")
label_wik <- c("Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun")

dat19 <- dat[Year == 2017, list(date, ValueCol, month, week)
             ][, ':='(weekday = as.integer(strftime(date, "%u")), # 周数
                      yearmonth = strftime(date, "%m%Y"),       # 月数
                      day = strftime(date, "%d"))              # 天数
               ][, ':='(monthf = factor(x = month, levels = as.character(1:12),
                                      labels = label_mons, ordered = TRUE),
                        weekdayf = factor(x = weekday, levels = 1:7, 
                                           labels = label_wik, ordered = TRUE),
                        yearmonthf = factor(x = yearmonth))
                 ][, ':='(monthweek = 1 + week - min(week)), by = .(monthf)] # 分组聚合
代码语言:javascript
复制
label_mons <- c("Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", 
                "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec")
label_wik <- c("Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun")

dat19 <- dat[Year == 2017, list(date, ValueCol, month, week)
             ][, ':='(weekday = as.integer(strftime(date, "%u")), # 周数
                      day = strftime(date, "%d"))              # 天数
               ][, ':='(monthf = factor(x = month, levels = as.character(1:12),
                                      labels = label_mons, ordered = TRUE),
                        weekdayf = factor(x = weekday, levels = 1:7, 
                                           labels = label_wik, ordered = TRUE))
                 ][, ':='(monthweek = 1 + week - min(week)), by = .(monthf)] # 分组聚合
代码语言:javascript
复制
ggplot(dat19, aes(weekdayf, monthweek, fill = ValueCol)) + 
  geom_tile(color = "white") + 
  geom_text(aes(label = day), size = 3) + 
  scale_fill_gradientn(colours = rev(brewer.pal(11, "Spectral"))) + 
  facet_wrap(~monthf, nrow = 3) + 
  scale_y_reverse(name = "Week of the month") + 
  xlab("Day") +
  theme(strip.text = element_text(size = 11, face = "plain", color = "black"),
        panel.grid = element_blank())

感谢誉辉优化《R语言数据可视化之美》关于热力日历图的代码

参考:

[1] ggTimeSeries 包的参考网址:http://www.ggplot2-exts.org/ggTimeSeries.html

本文参与 腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划,分享自微信公众号。
原始发表:2020-09-03,如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

本文分享自 数据小魔方 微信公众号,前往查看

如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

本文参与 腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划  ,欢迎热爱写作的你一起参与!

评论
登录后参与评论
0 条评论
热度
最新
推荐阅读
目录
  • 1. ggTimeSeries绘图
  • 2.geom_tile()
领券
问题归档专栏文章快讯文章归档关键词归档开发者手册归档开发者手册 Section 归档