OpenGL ES 帧缓冲区位块传送

字节流动

发布于 2020-10-12 16:12:25

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发布于 2020-10-12 16:12:25

文章被收录于专栏：字节流动

前文《OpenGL ES 多目标渲染（MRT）》中我们了解了利用 MRT 技术可以一次渲染到多个缓冲区，本文将利用帧缓冲区位块传送实现高性能缓冲区之间的像素拷贝。

OpenGL ES 帧缓冲区位块传送

帧缓冲区位块传送（Blit）也是 OpenGL ES 3.0 的新特性，主要用于帧缓冲区之间的像素拷贝，性能高且使用方便，可以指定缓冲区任意矩形区域的像素拷贝。

帧缓冲区位块传送（Blit）api

本文的绘制流程是，新建一个 FBO 绑定纹理作为颜色附着，然后绑定该帧缓冲区进行一次离屏渲染，最后绑定渲染到屏幕的缓冲区作为渲染缓冲区，从新的帧缓冲区中拷贝像素。

渲染代码：

//首先获取当前默认帧缓冲区的 id 
GLint defaultFrameBuffer = GL_NONE;
glGetIntegerv(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING, &defaultFrameBuffer);

//绑定我们新创建的帧缓冲区进行渲染
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, m_FBO);
glViewport ( 0, 0, m_RenderImage.width, m_RenderImage.height);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glDrawBuffers(ATTACHMENT_NUM, attachments);

glUseProgram (m_ProgramObj);
glBindVertexArray(m_VaoId);
UpdateMVPMatrix(m_MVPMatrix, 0, m_AngleY, (float)screenW / screenH);
glUniformMatrix4fv(m_MVPMatLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, &m_MVPMatrix[0][0]);

glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_TextureId);
glUniform1i(m_SamplerLoc, 0);

glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, (const void *)0);

//绑定默认的帧缓冲区对象，将像素从新建的帧缓冲区拷贝到当前默认的帧缓冲区
glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, defaultFrameBuffer);
glViewport ( 0, 0, m_SurfaceWidth, m_SurfaceHeight);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

//位块传送
BlitTextures();

进行帧缓冲区间位块传之前，需要指定好源帧缓冲区 GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER 和目标帧缓冲区 GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER，下面代码实现是将四个颜色附着对应的缓冲区像素，分别拷贝到当前渲染缓冲区中的 1/4 矩形区域内：

void FBOBlitSample::BlitTextures() {
    //很重要，指定源帧缓冲区
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, m_FBO);

    glReadBuffer(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0);
    glBlitFramebuffer(0, 0, m_RenderImage.width, m_RenderImage.height,
                        0, 0, m_SurfaceWidth/2, m_SurfaceHeight/2,
                        GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GL_LINEAR);

    glReadBuffer(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1);
    glBlitFramebuffer(0, 0, m_RenderImage.width, m_RenderImage.height,
                        m_SurfaceWidth/2, 0, m_SurfaceWidth, m_SurfaceHeight/2,
                        GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GL_LINEAR);

    glReadBuffer(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2);
    glBlitFramebuffer(0, 0, m_RenderImage.width, m_RenderImage.height,
                        0, m_SurfaceHeight/2, m_SurfaceWidth/2, m_SurfaceHeight,
                        GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GL_LINEAR);

    glReadBuffer(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT3);
    glBlitFramebuffer(0, 0, m_RenderImage.width, m_RenderImage.height,
                        m_SurfaceWidth/2, m_SurfaceHeight/2, m_SurfaceWidth, m_SurfaceHeight,
                        GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GL_LINEAR);
}

最后呈现的效果是将四张图像渲染到一个屏幕上。