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社区首页 >专栏 >第四篇(二进制部署k8s集群---master集群部署)

第四篇(二进制部署k8s集群---master集群部署)

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@凌晨
发布2020-11-23 12:46:30
6170
发布2020-11-23 12:46:30
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文章被收录于专栏:Man_DockerMan_Docker

本文在以下主机上操作部署k8s集群 k8s-master1:192.168.206.31 k8s-master2:192.168.206.32 k8s-master3:192.168.206.33

kubernetes master 节点主要包含的组件: kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager 目前这三个组件需要部署在同一台机器上。 kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager 和 kube-apiserver 三者的功能紧密相关; 同时只能有一个 kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager 进程处于工作状态,如果运行多个,则需要通过选举产生一个 leader;

一、部署kubectl命令工具

kubectl 是 kubernetes 集群的命令行管理工具,kubectl 默认从 ~/.kube/config 文件读取 kube-apiserver 地址、证书、用户名等信息,如果没有配置,执行 kubectl 命令时可能会出错。 1、下载kubectl

代码语言:javascript
复制
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.12.3/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-apiserver kubeadm kube-controller-manager kubectl kube-scheduler /opt/kubernetes/bin/

2、创建请求证书

代码语言:javascript
复制
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Zhejiang",
      "L": "hangzhou",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF 

O 为 system:masters,kube-apiserver 收到该证书后将请求的 Group 设置为 system:masters;
预定义的 ClusterRoleBinding cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定,该 Role 授予所有 API的权限;
该证书只会被 kubectl 当做 client 证书使用,所以 hosts 字段为空;

生成证书和私钥

cfssl gencert -ca=/data/ssl/ca.pem \
  -ca-key=/data/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  -config=/data/ssl/ca-config.json \
  -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin 

3、创建~/.kube/config文件

代码语言:javascript
复制
mkdir -p  ~/.kube

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/data/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=https://192.168.206.30:8443 \
  --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials admin \
  --client-certificate=admin.pem \
  --client-key=admin-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig

# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context kubernetes \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=admin \
  --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig

# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig 

这个地方是复制到~/.kube/目录下名字为config不要搞错了
cp kubectl.kubeconfig ~/.kube/config

二、部署api-server

1、创建kube-apiserver的证书签名请求:

代码语言:javascript
复制
cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.206.31",
    "192.168.206.32",
    "192.168.206.33",
    "192.168.206.36",
    "192.168.206.37",
    "192.168.206.30",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Zhejiang",
      "L": "hangzhou",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

hosts 字段指定授权使用该证书的 IP 或域名列表,这里列出了 VIP 、apiserver 节点 IP、kubernetes 服务 IP 和域名;
域名最后字符不能是 .(如不能为 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.),否则解析时失败,提示: x509: cannot parse dnsName "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.";
如果使用非 cluster.local 域名,如 bqding.com,则需要修改域名列表中的最后两个域名为:kubernetes.default.svc.bqding、kubernetes.default.svc.bqding.com
主机依次为master节点的ip,以及负载均衡器的内网和公网IP。

生成证书和私钥:
cfssl gencert -ca=/data/ssl/ca.pem \
  -ca-key=/data/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  -config=/data/ssl/ca-config.json \
  -profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes

mkdir /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes
cp kubernetes*.pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes

3、创建加密配置文件

代码语言:javascript
复制
cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
kind: EncryptionConfig
apiVersion: v1
resources:
  - resources:
      - secrets
    providers:
      - aescbc:
          keys:
            - name: key1
              secret: $(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)
      - identity: {}
EOF

分发加密配置文件到master节点
cp encryption-config.yaml /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes

4、创建kube-apiserver systemd unit文件

代码语言:javascript
复制
cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \
  --enable-admission-plugins=Initializers,NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --experimental-encryption-provider-config=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \
  --advertise-address=192.168.206.31 \
  --bind-address=192.168.206.31 \
  --insecure-port=0 \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --runtime-config=api/all \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-32700 \
  --tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \
  --tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/ca-key.pem \
  --etcd-cafile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.206.31:2379,https://192.168.206.32:2379,https://192.168.206.33:2379 \
  --enable-swagger-ui=true \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/log \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

--experimental-encryption-provider-config:启用加密特性;
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC: 开启 Node 和 RBAC 授权模式,拒绝未授权的请求;
--enable-admission-plugins:启用 ServiceAccount 和 NodeRestriction;
--service-account-key-file:签名 ServiceAccount Token 的公钥文件,kube-controller-manager 的 --service-account-private-key-file 指定私钥文件,两者配对使用;
--tls-*-file:指定 apiserver 使用的证书、私钥和 CA 文件。--client-ca-file 用于验证 client (kue-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy 等)请求所带的证书;
--kubelet-client-certificate、--kubelet-client-key:如果指定,则使用 https 访问 kubelet APIs;需要为证书对应的用户(上面 kubernetes*.pem 证书的用户为 kubernetes) 用户定义 RBAC 规则,否则访问 kubelet API 时提示未授权;
--bind-address: 不能为 127.0.0.1,否则外界不能访问它的安全端口 6443;
--insecure-port=0:关闭监听非安全端口(8080);
--service-cluster-ip-range: 指定 Service Cluster IP 地址段;
--service-node-port-range: 指定 NodePort 的端口范围;
--runtime-config=api/all=true: 启用所有版本的 APIs,如 autoscaling/v2alpha1;
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用 kubelet bootstrap 的 token 认证;
--apiserver-count=3:指定集群运行模式,多台 kube-apiserver 会通过 leader 选举产生一个工作节点,其它节点处于阻塞状态;

这些也要分发kube-apiserver.service文件到其他master

7、启动api-server服务

代码语言:javascript
复制
 systemctl stop kube-apiserver
 systemctl daemon-reload
 systemctl enable kube-apiserver
 systemctl start kube-apiserver

8、检查api-server和集群状态

代码语言:javascript
复制
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# netstat -ptln | grep kube-apiserve
tcp        0      0 192.168.206.31:6443     0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      985/kube-apiserver  
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.206.30:8443

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

9、授予kubernetes证书访问kubelet api权限

代码语言:javascript
复制
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes

三、部署kube-controller-manager 该集群包含 3 个节点,启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个 leader 节点,其它节点为阻塞状态。当 leader 节点不可用后,剩余节点将再次进行选举产生新的 leader 节点,从而保证服务的可用性。 为保证通信安全,本文档先生成 x509 证书和私钥,kube-controller-manager 在如下两种情况下使用该证书:

1、创建kube-controller-manager证书请求:

代码语言:javascript
复制
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.206.31",
      "192.168.206.32",
      "192.168.206.33"
    ],
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Zhejiang",
        "L": "hangzhou",
        "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
        "OU": "System"
      }
    ]
}
EOF

hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP;
CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager,kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限。
生成证书和私钥:
cfssl gencert -ca=/data/ssl/ca.pem \
  -ca-key=/data/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  -config=/data/ssl/ca-config.json \
  -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

将生成的证书和私钥分发到所有 master 节点
 mkdir /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager
 cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/

2、创建和分发kubeconfig文件

代码语言:javascript
复制
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/data/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=https://192.168.206.30:8443 \
  --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
  --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=system:kube-controller-manager \
  --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

分发 kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig 到所有 master 节点
cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/
cp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes/ca* /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/

3、创建和分发kube-controller-manager systemd unit文件

代码语言:javascript
复制
cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service  << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \
  --address=127.0.0.1 \
  --kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
  --authentication-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 \
  --cluster-name=kubernetes \
  --cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/ca.pem \
  --cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/ca-key.pem \
  --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=8760h \
  --root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/ca.pem \
  --service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/ca-key.pem \
  --leader-elect=true \
  --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
  --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
  --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \
  --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \
  --tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --use-service-account-credentials=true \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/log \
  --v=2
Restart=on
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

分发kube-controller-manager systemd unit文件到其他master服务器

-address:指定监听的地址为127.0.0.1
--kubeconfig:指定 kubeconfig 文件路径,kube-controller-manager 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver;
--cluster-signing-*-file:签名 TLS Bootstrap 创建的证书;
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration:指定 TLS Bootstrap 证书的有效期;
--root-ca-file:放置到容器 ServiceAccount 中的 CA 证书,用来对 kube-apiserver 的证书进行校验;
--service-account-private-key-file:签名 ServiceAccount 中 Token 的私钥文件,必须和 kube-apiserver 的 --service-account-key-file 指定的公钥文件配对使用;
--service-cluster-ip-range :指定 Service Cluster IP 网段,必须和 kube-apiserver 中的同名参数一致;
--leader-elect=true:集群运行模式,启用选举功能;被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作,其它节点为阻塞状态;
--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true:开启 kublet server 证书的自动更新特性;
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner:启用的控制器列表,tokencleaner 用于自动清理过期的 Bootstrap token;
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-*:custom metrics 相关参数,支持 autoscaling/v2alpha1;
--tls-cert-file、--tls-private-key-file:使用 https 输出 metrics 时使用的 Server 证书和秘钥;
--use-service-account-credentials=true:

4、启动kube-controller-manager服务

代码语言:javascript
复制
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-controller-manager

5、检查kube-controller-manager服务

代码语言:javascript
复制
[root@k8s-master1 ssl]# netstat -lnpt|grep kube-controll
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:10252         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      17906/kube-controll 
tcp6       0      0 :::10257                :::*                    LISTEN      17906/kube-controll

6、查看当前kube-controller-manager的leader

代码语言:javascript
复制
[root@master1 ssl]# kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system  -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
  annotations:
    control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master1_0f2ea8d8-2955-11eb-84f5-000c296e7f49","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-11-18T04:18:06Z","renewTime":"2020-11-18T04:20:33Z","leaderTransitions":0}'
  creationTimestamp: 2020-11-18T04:18:06Z
  name: kube-controller-manager
  namespace: kube-system
  resourceVersion: "3578"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
  uid: 0f2fc6db-2955-11eb-b0b5-000c29979eeb

四、部署kube-scheduler 该集群包含 3 个节点,启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个 leader 节点,其它节点为阻塞状态。当 leader 节点不可用后,剩余节点将再次进行选举产生新的 leader 节点,从而保证服务的可用性。 1、创建kube-scheduler证书请求

代码语言:javascript
复制
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.206.31",
      "192.168.206.32",
      "192.168.206.33"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Zhejiang",
        "L": "hangzhou",
        "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
        "OU": "System"
      }
    ]
}
EOF

hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 节点 IP;
CN 为 system:kube-scheduler、O 为 system:kube-scheduler,kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-scheduler 将赋予 kube-scheduler 工作所需的权限。

生成证书和私钥:
cfssl gencert -ca=/data/ssl/ca.pem \
  -ca-key=/data/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  -config=/data/ssl/ca-config.json \
  -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler

2、创建和分发kube-scheduler.kubeconfig文件

代码语言:javascript
复制
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/data/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=https://192.168.206.30:8443 \
  --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
  --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem \
  --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=system:kube-scheduler \
  --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

分发 kubeconfig 到所有 master 节点
mkdir /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-scheduler 
cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-scheduler 

3、创建和分发kube-scheduler systemd unit文件

代码语言:javascript
复制
cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \
  --address=127.0.0.1 \
  --kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-scheduler/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
  --leader-elect=true \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/log \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

--address:在 127.0.0.1:10251 端口接收 http /metrics 请求;kube-scheduler 目前还不支持接收 https 请求;
--kubeconfig:指定 kubeconfig 文件路径,kube-scheduler 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver;
--leader-elect=true:集群运行模式,启用选举功能;被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作,其它节点为阻塞状态;

4、启动kube-scheduler服务

代码语言:javascript
复制
 systemctl daemon-reload
 systemctl enable kube-scheduler
 systemctl start kube-scheduler 

5、查看当前kube-scheduler的leader

代码语言:javascript
复制
[root@master1 kube-scheduler]#  kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler --namespace=kube-system  -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
  annotations:
    control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master1_c2b12771-2957-11eb-a36d-000c296e7f49","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-11-18T04:37:28Z","renewTime":"2020-11-18T04:38:58Z","leaderTransitions":0}'
  creationTimestamp: 2020-11-18T04:37:28Z
  name: kube-scheduler
  namespace: kube-system
  resourceVersion: "4509"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-scheduler
  uid: c34cf106-2957-11eb-a5a4-000c2936c402

6、在所有master节点上验证功能是否正常

代码语言:javascript
复制
[root@master1 kube-scheduler]# kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}
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