笔记：win10上快速搭建容器环境，不需要VM

和大家说明一下，我们的目的仅仅是要安装一个centos7，然后在centos7上安装docker

如果搞不定vagrant+virtualbox的方式，也可以直接使用VM搭建一个centos7

或者你可以直接使用一台云服务器，上面安装了centos7

毕竟我们的目的只是为了得到一个centos7的机器，所以不必花太多精力在这个问题上折腾

我上课用的环境是
【
    win10 64位
    VirtualBox-6.0.12-133076-Win  
    vagrant_2.2.6_x86_64  
    centos7  
    XShell6
】

01 访问Vagrant官网
https://www.vagrantup.com/

02 点击Download
Windows，MacOS，Linux等

03 选择对应的版本

04 傻瓜式安装

05 命令行输入vagrant，测试是否安装成功

01 访问VirtualBox官网
    https://www.virtualbox.org/

02 选择左侧的“Downloads”

03 选择对应的操作系统版本

04 傻瓜式安装

05 [win10中若出现]安装virtualbox快完成时立即回滚，并提示安装出现严重错误
    (1)打开服务
    (2)找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager，然后启动
    (3)再次尝试安装

01 创建centos7文件夹，并进入其中[目录全路径不要有中文字符]

02 在此目录下打开cmd，运行vagrant init centos/7
   此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile，同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7，关键是这个镜像在哪里，我已经提前准备好了，名称是virtualbox.box文件
   
03 将virtualbox.box文件添加到vagrant管理的镜像中
    (1)下载网盘中的virtualbox.box文件
    (2)保存到磁盘的某个目录，比如D:\virtualbox.box
    (3)添加镜像并起名叫centos/7：vagrant box add centos/7 D:\virtualbox.box
    (4)vagrant box list  查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]
    
04 centos/7镜像有了，根据Vagrantfile文件启动创建虚拟机
    来到centos7文件夹，在此目录打开cmd窗口，执行vagrant up[打开virtual box观察，可以发现centos7创建成功]
    
05 以后大家操作虚拟机，还是要在centos文件夹打开cmd窗口操作
    vagrant halt   优雅关闭
    vagrant up     正常启动
    
06 vagrant常用命令
    (1)vagrant ssh    
        进入刚才创建的centos7中
    (2)vagrant status
        查看centos7的状态
    (3)vagrant halt
        停止/关闭centos7
    (4)vagrant destroy
        删除centos7
    (5)vagrant status
        查看当前vagrant创建的虚拟机
    (6)Vagrantfile中也可以写脚本命令，使得centos7更加丰富
        但是要注意，修改了Vagrantfile，要想使正常运行的centos7生效，必须使用vagrant reload

01 使用centos7的默认账号连接
    在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config
    关注:Hostname  Port  IdentityFile
    IP:127.0.0.1
    port:2222
    用户名:vagrant
    密码:vagrant
    文件:Identityfile指向的文件private-key
    
02 使用root账户登录
    vagrant ssh   进入到虚拟机中
    sudo -i
    vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    修改PasswordAuthentication yes
    passwd修改密码，比如abc123
    systemctl restart sshd
    使用账号root，密码abc123进行登录

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
    config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
        vb.memory = "4000"
        vb.name= "jack-centos7"
        vb.cpus= 2
    end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

01 退出虚拟机
    vagrant halt

02 打包
    vagrant package --output first-docker-centos7.box
    
03 得到first-docker-centos7.box
    
04 将first-docker-centos7.box添加到其他的vagrant环境中
    vagrant box add first-docker-centos7 first-docker-centos7.box
    
05 得到Vagrantfile
    vagrant init first-docker-centos7

06 根据Vagrantfile启动虚拟机
    vagrant up [此时可以得到和之前一模一样的环境，但是网络要重新配置]

01 进入centos7
    vagrant ssh
    
02 卸载之前的docker
    sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine
                  
03 安装必要的依赖
    sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
    device-mapper-persistent-data \
    lvm2
    
04 设置docker仓库  [设置阿里云镜像仓库可以先自行百度，后面课程也会有自己的docker hub讲解]    
    sudo yum-config-manager \
      --add-repo \
      https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
      
    [访问这个地址，使用自己的阿里云账号登录，查看菜单栏左下角，发现有一个镜像加速器:https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors]

05 安装docker
    sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
    
06 启动docker
    sudo systemctl start docker
    
07 测试docker安装是否成功
    sudo docker run hello-world

01 创建tomcat容器
    docker pull tomcat
    docker run -d --name my-tomcat -p 9090:8080 tomcat

02 创建mysql容器
    docker run -d --name my-mysql -p 3301:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=jack123 --privileged mysql
    
03 进入到容器里面
    docker exec -it containerid /bin/bash

docker pull        拉取镜像到本地
docker run         根据某个镜像创建容器
-d                 让容器在后台运行，其实就是一个进程
--name             给容器指定一个名字
-p                 将容器的端口映射到宿主机的端口
docker exec -it    进入到某个容器中并交互式运行