运维必备技能-如何使用 db2 的帮助命令

history | awk '{CMD[$2]++;count++;} END { for (a in CMD )print CMD[ a ]" " CMD[ a ]/count*100 "% " a }' | grep -v "./" | column -c3 -s " " -t |sort -nr | nl | head -n10 

$ db2 ?  
db2 [option ...] [db2-command | sql-statement |
    [? [phrase | message | sqlstate | class-code]]]
option: -a, -c, -d, -e{c|s}, -finfile, -i, -lhistfile, -o, -m, -n,
        -p, -q, -rreport, -s, -t, -td;, -v, -w, -x, -zoutputfile.
db2-command:
 ACTIVATE DATABASE        GET CONTACTGROUPS          RECONCILE
 ADD CONTACT              GET CONTACTS               RECOVER
 ADD CONTACTGROUP         GET/UPDATE DB CFG          REDISTRIBUTE DB PARTITION
 ADD DATALINKS MANAGER    GET/UPDATE DBM CFG         REFRESH LDAP
 ADD DBPARTITIONNUM       GET DBM MONITOR SWITCHES   REGISTER LDAP
 ADD XMLSCHEMA            GET DESCRIPTION FOR HEALTH REGISTER XMLSCHEMA
 ARCHIVE LOG              GET NOTIFICATION LIST      REGISTER XSROBJECT
 ATTACH                   GET HEALTH SNAPSHOT        REORG INDEXES/TABLE
 AUTOCONFIGURE            GET INSTANCE               REORGCHK
 BACKUP DATABASE          GET MONITOR SWITCHES       RESET ADMIN CFG
 BIND                     GET RECOMMENDATIONS        RESET ALERT CFG
 CATALOG APPC NODE        GET ROUTINE                RESET DB CFG
 CATALOG APPN NODE        GET SNAPSHOT               RESET DBM CFG
 CATALOG DATABASE         HELP                       RESET MONITOR
 CATALOG DCS DATABASE     HISTORY                    RESTART DATABASE
 CATALOG LDAP DATABASE    IMPORT                     RESTORE DATABASE
 CATALOG LDAP NODE        INITIALIZE TAPE            REWIND TAPE
 CATALOG LOCAL NODE       INSPECT                    ROLLFORWARD DATABASE
 CATALOG NPIPE NODE       LIST ACTIVE DATABASES      RUNCMD
 CATALOG NETBIOS NODE     LIST APPLICATIONS          RUNSTATS
 CATALOG ODBC DATA SOURCE LIST COMMAND OPTIONS       SET CLIENT
 CATALOG TCPIP NODE       LIST DATABASE DIRECTORY    SET RUNTIME DEGREE
 CHANGE DATABASE COMMENT  LIST DB PARTITION GROUPS   SET TABLESPACE CONTAINERS
 CHANGE ISOLATION LEVEL   LIST DATALINKS MANAGERS    SET TAPE POSITION
 COMPLETE XMLSCHEMA       LIST DBPARTITIONNUMS       SET UTIL_IMPACT_PRIORITY
 CREATE DATABASE          LIST DCS APPLICATIONS      SET WRITE
 CREATE TOOLS CATALOG     LIST DCS DIRECTORY         START DATABASE MANAGER
 DEACTIVATE DATABASE      LIST DRDA INDOUBT          START HADR
 DECOMPOSE XML DOCUMENT   LIST HISTORY               STOP DATABASE MANAGER
 DECOMPOSE XML DOCUMENTS  LIST INDOUBT TRANSACTIONS  STOP HADR
 DEREGISTER               LIST NODE DIRECTORY        TAKEOVER HADR
 DESCRIBE                 LIST ODBC DATA SOURCES     TERMINATE
 DETACH                   LIST PACKAGES/TABLES       UNCATALOG DATABASE
 DROP CONTACT             LIST TABLESPACE CONTAINERS UNCATALOG DCS DATABASE
 DROP CONTACTGROUP        LIST TABLESPACES           UNCATALOG LDAP DATABASE
 DROP DATABASE            LIST UTILITIES             UNCATALOG LDAP NODE
 DROP DATALINKS MANAGER   LOAD                       UNCATALOG NODE
 DROP DBPARTITIONNUM      LOAD QUERY                 UNCATALOG ODBC DATA
 DROP TOOLS CATALOG       MIGRATE DATABASE           UNQUIESCE DATABASE
 ECHO                     PING                       UNQUIESCE INSTANCE
 EDIT                     PREP/PRECOMPILE            UPDATE ALERT CFG
 EXPORT                   PRUNE HISTORY/LOGFILE      UPDATE COMMAND OPTIONS
 FORCE APPLICATION        PUT ROUTINE                UPDATE CONTACT
 GET/UPDATE ADMIN CFG     QUERY CLIENT               UPDATE CONTACTGROUP
 GET ALERT CFG            QUIESCE DATABASE           UPDATE NOTIFICATION LIST
 GET AUTHORIZATIONS       QUIESCE INSTANCE           UPDATE HISTORY
 GET/UPDATE CLI CFG       QUIESCE TABLESPACES        UPDATE LDAP NODE
 GET CONNECTION STATE     QUIT                       UPDATE MONITOR SWITCHES
 GET CONTACTGROUP         REBIND                     XQUERY

Note:  Some commands are operating system specific and may not be available.

For further help:
                  ? db2-command   - help for specified command
                  ? OPTIONS       - help for all command options
                  ? HELP          - help for reading help screens
The preceding three options can be run as db2 <option> from an OS prompt.

                  !db2ic          - DB2 Information Center (Windows only)
This command can also be run as db2ic from an OS prompt.

db2 [option ...] [db2-command | sql-statement |
    [? [phrase | message | sqlstate | class-code]]]
option: -a, -c, -d, -e{c|s}, -finfile, -i, -lhistfile, -o, -m, -n,
        -p, -q, -rreport, -s, -t, -td;, -v, -w, -x, -zoutputfile.

For further help:
                  ? db2-command   - help for specified command
                  ? OPTIONS       - help for all command options
                  ? HELP          - help for reading help screens

$ db2 ? HELP
Instructions for reading help screens:
   [ ]     Encloses optional parameters
   { }     Encloses mandatory parameters
   |       Separates two or more items, only one of which may be chosen
   ...     Indicates a repeatable parameter.
   KEY and RESERVED words are in uppercase - they are mandatory.

For example,
   CONNECT TO database-alias [IN {SHARE | EXCLUSIVE} MODE]
   [USER username [USING password]]

indicates that the following are valid statements:
   CONNECT TO sample
   CONNECT TO sample IN SHARE MODE
   CONNECT TO sample in EXCLUSIVE MODE
   CONNECT TO sample IN SHARE MODE USER smith USING pw

while the following are invalid:
  CONNECT TO sample IN MODE                 (SHARE or EXCLUSIVE is required)
  CONNECT TO sample IN SHARE EXCLUSIVE MODE (cannot use SHARE and EXCLUSIVE)
  CONNECT TO sample USING pw          (cannot use password without username)

On some platforms, HELP is also available as a command to access
the on-line Command Reference and the SQL Reference.

The syntax of the HELP command is:
  HELP [character-string]

$ db2 ? OPTIONS
db2 [option ...] [db2-command | sql-statement |
    [? [phrase | message | sqlstate | class-code]]]
option: -a, -c, -d, -e{c|s}, -finfile, -i, -lhistfile, -m, -n, -o,
        -p, -q, -rreport, -s, -t, -td;, -v, -w, -x, -zoutputfile.

 Option  Description                               Default Setting
 ------  ----------------------------------------  ---------------
   -a    Display SQLCA                             OFF
   -c    Auto-commit                               ON
   -d    Retrieve and display XML declarations     OFF
   -e    Display SQLCODE/SQLSTATE                  OFF
   -f    Read from input file                      OFF
   -i    Display XML data with indentation         OFF
   -l    Log commands in history file              OFF
   -m    Display the number of rows affected       OFF
   -n    Remove new line character                 OFF
   -o    Display output                            ON
   -p    Display db2 interactive prompt            ON
   -q    Preserve whitespaces and linefeeds        OFF
   -r    Save output report to file                OFF
   -s    Stop execution on command error           OFF
   -t    Set statement termination character       OFF
   -v    Echo current command                      OFF
   -w    Display FETCH/SELECT warning messages     ON
   -x    Suppress printing of column headings      OFF
   -z    Save all output to output file            OFF

Notes:
 Use the DB2OPTIONS environment variable to customize option defaults.
 An option takes on the opposite value if the minus sign (-) is changed to a
 plus (+).
 Use UPDATE COMMAND OPTIONS to change option settings in interactive or
 file input mode.

$ db2 ? export
EXPORT TO filename OF {IXF | DEL | WSF}
[LOBS TO lob-path [ {,lob-path} ... ] ][LOBFILE lob-file [ {,lob-file} ... ] ]
[XML TO xml-path [ {,xml-path} ... ] ][XMLFILE filename [ {,filename} ... ] ]
[MODIFIED BY {filetype-mod ...}][XMLSAVESCHEMA]
[METHOD N ( column-name [ {,column-name} ... ] )] [MESSAGES message-file]
{select-statement | XQUERY xquery-statement |
 HIERARCHY {STARTING sub-table-name |
(sub-table-name [{, sub-table-name} ...])} [WHERE ...] }
  filetype-mod:
    NODOUBLEDEL, LOBSINFILE, CHARDELx, COLDELx, DECPLUSBLANK
    DECPTx, DATESISO, 1, 2, 3, 4, CODEPAGE=x, STRIPLZEROS, NOCHARDEL,
    LOBSINSEPFILES, XMLINSEPFILES, XMLCHAR, XMLGRAPHIC, XMLNODECLARATION,
    TIMESTAMPFORMAT=x

NOTE: From the operating system prompt, prefix commands with 'db2'.
      Special characters MAY require an escape sequence (\), for example:
      db2 \? change database
      db2 ? change database xxx comment with \"text\"

$ db2 ? get
GET ADMIN CONFIGURATION [FOR NODE node-name [USER username USING password]]

GET ALERT CONFIGURATION FOR {{CONTAINERS | DATABASE MANAGER | DATABASES |
TABLESPACES} [DEFAULT] | {CONTAINER container-name FOR tblspace-name |
DATABASE | TABLESPACE tblspace-name} ON database_alias}
[USING health-indicator-name [ {,health-indicator-name} ... ]]

GET AUTHORIZATIONS

GET CLI CONFIGURATION [AT GLOBAL LEVEL] [FOR SECTION section-name]

GET CONNECTION STATE

GET CONTACTGROUP contact-group-name

GET CONTACTGROUPS

GET CONTACTS

GET DATABASE CONFIGURATION [FOR database-alias] [SHOW DETAIL]

GET DATABASE MANAGER CONFIGURATION [SHOW DETAIL]

GET DATABASE MANAGER MONITOR SWITCHES
[AT DBPARTITIONNUM db-partition-number | GLOBAL]

GET DESCRIPTION FOR HEALTH INDICATOR shortname

GET {HEALTH NOTIFICATION CONTACT | NOTIFICATION} LIST

GET HEALTH SNAPSHOT FOR {DATABASE MANAGER | ALL DATABASES |
{ALL | DATABASE | TABLESPACES} ON database-alias}
[AT DBPARTITIONNUM db-partition-number | GLOBAL] [SHOW DETAIL]
[WITH FULL COLLECTION]

GET INSTANCE

GET MONITOR SWITCHES
[AT DBPARTITIONNUM db-partition-number | GLOBAL]

GET RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HEALTH INDICATOR shortname
[FOR {DBM | TABLESPACE tablespace-name ON database-alias
| CONTAINER container-name FOR TABLESPACE tablespace-name ON database-alias
| DATABASE ON database-alias} [AT DBPARTITIONNUM db-partition-number | GLOBAL]]

GET ROUTINE INTO filename FROM [SPECIFIC] PROCEDURE routine-name [HIDE BODY]

GET SNAPSHOT FOR {DATABASE MANAGER | ALL [DCS] DATABASES |
ALL [DCS] APPLICATIONS | ALL BUFF ERPOOLS | [DCS] APPLICATION
{APPLID appl-id | AGENTID appl-handle} | FCM FOR ALL DBPARTITIONNUMS |
LOCKS FOR APPLICATION {APPLID appl-id | AGENTID appl-handle} |
{ALL | [DCS] DATABASE | [DCS] APPLICATIONS | TABLES |
TABLESPACES | LOCKS | BUFFERPOOLS | DYNAMIC SQL [write to file]}
ON database-alias} [AT DBPARTITIONNUM db-partition-number | GLOBAL]

NOTE: From the operating system prompt, prefix commands with 'db2'.
      Special characters MAY require an escape sequence (\), for example:
      db2 \? change database
      db2 ? change database xxx comment with \"text\"

$ db2 ? get snapshot     
GET SNAPSHOT FOR {DATABASE MANAGER | ALL [DCS] DATABASES |
ALL [DCS] APPLICATIONS | ALL BUFFERPOOLS | [DCS] APPLICATION
{APPLID appl-id | AGENTID appl-handle} | FCM FOR ALL DBPARTITIONNUMS |
LOCKS FOR APPLICATION {APPLID appl-id | AGENTID appl-handle} |
{ALL | [DCS] DATABASE | [DCS] APPLICATIONS | TABLES |
TABLESPACES | LOCKS | BUFFERPOOLS | DYNAMIC SQL [write to file]}
ON database-alias} [AT DBPARTITIONNUM db-partition-number | GLOBAL]

NOTE: From the operating system prompt, prefix commands with 'db2'.
      Special characters MAY require an escape sequence (\), for example:
      db2 \? change database
      db2 ? change database xxx comment with \"text\"

$ db2 ? sql968


SQL0968C  The file system is full.

Explanation: 

One of the file systems containing the database is full. This file
system may contain the database directory, the database log files, or a
table space container.

The statement cannot be processed.

User response: 

Free system space by erasing unwanted files. Do not erase database
files. If additional space is required, it may be necessary to drop
tables and indexes identified as not required.

On unix-based systems, this disk full condition may be due to exceeding
the maximum file size allowed for the current userid. Use the chuser
command to update fsize. A reboot may be necessary.

This disk full condition may be caused when containers are of varying
sizes. If there is sufficient space in the file system, drop the table
space and recreate it with containers of equal size.

If the statement that could not be processed referenced LOB data types: 
*  Ensure that any cursors used in the application are closed
   immediately after their use.
*  Ensure that within the application that COMMIT statements are
   periodically executed.
*  Add additional containers to the system temporary tablespace to hold
   the temporary LOB data during this statement's execution.

 sqlcode: -968

 sqlstate: 57011

$ db2 ? 42501 

SQLSTATE 42501: The authorization ID does not have the privilege to perform 
the specified operation on the identified object.

$ db2 ? 01

 01: Warning