Linux 查询 OS、CPU、内存、硬盘信息

#cat /etc/redhat-release这个命令主要是查看红帽发行的操作系统的版本号[root@node5 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) #cat /etc/issue这个命令适用于大多数linux发行版[root@node5 ~]# cat /etc/issue\SKernel \r on an \m

[root@node5 ~]# uname -r3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

[root@node5 ~]# uname -aLinux node5 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux#从上面这段输出可以看出，该服务器主机名是node5，linux内核版本是3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64，CPU是x86架构
#该命令可以查看更多信息[root@node5 ~]# more /etc/*release ::::::::::::::/etc/centos-release::::::::::::::CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) ::::::::::::::/etc/os-release::::::::::::::NAME="CentOS Linux"VERSION="7 (Core)"ID="centos"ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"VERSION_ID="7"PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"ANSI_COLOR="0;31"CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
::::::::::::::/etc/redhat-release::::::::::::::CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) ::::::::::::::/etc/system-release::::::::::::::CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

[root@node5 ~]# grep 'physical id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u | wc -l1

[root@node5 ~]# grep 'core id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u | wc -l4

#逻辑cpu数：一般情况下，逻辑cpu=物理CPU个数×每颗核数，如果不相等的话，则表示服务器的CPU支持超线程技术（HT：简单来说，它可使处理#器中的1 颗内核如2 颗内核那样在操作系统中发挥作用。这样一来，操作系统可使用的执行资源扩大了一倍，大幅提高了系统的整体性能，此时逻#辑cpu=物理CPU个数×每颗核数x2）[root@node5 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"|wc -l4[root@node5 ~]# grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u | wc -l4

[root@node5 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | sort | uniqmodel name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8550U CPU @ 1.80GHz[root@node5 ~]# dmidecode -s processor-version | uniq   #使用uniq进行去重Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8550U CPU @ 1.80GHz

#CPU有几个核，就会输出几个重复的信息[root@node5 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfoprocessor  : 0vendor_id  : GenuineIntelcpu family  : 6model    : 142model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8550U CPU @ 1.80GHzstepping  : 10microcode  : 0x96cpu MHz    : 2000.921cache size  : 8192 KBphysical id  : 0siblings  : 4core id    : 0cpu cores  : 4apicid    : 0initial apicid  : 0fpu    : yesfpu_exception  : yescpuid level  : 22wp    : yesflags    : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec aratbogomips  : 4002.00clflush size  : 64cache_alignment  : 64address sizes  : 43 bits physical, 48 bits virtualpower management:

[root@node5 ~]# lscpuArchitecture:          x86_64CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bitByte Order:            Little EndianCPU(s):                4On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3Thread(s) per core:    1Core(s) per socket:    4Socket(s):             1NUMA node(s):          1Vendor ID:             GenuineIntelCPU family:            6Model:                 142Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8550U CPU @ 1.80GHzStepping:              10CPU MHz:               2000.921BogoMIPS:              4002.00Virtualization:        VT-xHypervisor vendor:     VMwareVirtualization type:   fullL1d cache:             32KL1i cache:             32KL2 cache:              256KL3 cache:              8192KNUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-3Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec arat

[root@node5 ~]# free -m              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   availableMem:           3941         286        3446          19         208        3407Swap:          2047           0        2047
#注释#linux的内存管理机制的思想包括（不敢说就是）内存利用率最大化。内核会把剩余的内存申请为cached，而cached不属于free范畴。当系统运#行时间较久，会发现cached很大，对于有频繁文件读写操作的系统，这种现象会更加明显。直观的看，此时free的内存会非常小，但并不代表可##用的内存小，当一个程序需要申请较大的内存时，如果free的内存不够，内核会把部分cached的内存回收，回收的内存再分配给应用程序。所以#对于linux系统，可用于分配的内存不只是free的内存，还包括cached的内存（其实还包括buffers）。#对于操作系统：#MemFree=total-used#MemUsed  = MemTotal - MemFree#对于应用程序：#MemFree=buffers+cached+free

[root@node5 ~]# free -s 3              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   availableMem:        4036316      361144     3458272       19536      216900     3419776Swap:       2097148           0     2097148
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   availableMem:        4036316      361144     3458272       19536      216900     3419776Swap:       2097148           0     2097148
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   availableMem:        4036316      361144     3458272       19536      216900     3419776Swap:       2097148           0     2097148

[root@node5 ~]# df -hFilesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/centos-root   17G  4.1G   13G  24% /devtmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /devtmpfs                    2.0G  8.0K  2.0G   1% /dev/shmtmpfs                    2.0G  8.7M  2.0G   1% /runtmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda1               1014M  125M  890M  13% /boottmpfs                    395M     0  395M   0% /run/user/0#命令拓展#df -a 显示全部的文件系统的使用情况#df -i显示inode信息#df -k 已字节数显示区块占用情况#df -T 显示文件系统的类型

#命令拓展#du -s 指定目录大小汇总#du -h带计量单位#du -a 含文件#du --max-depth=1 子目录深度#du -c 列出明细的同时，增加汇总值[root@node5 ~]# du -sh /home/1.7G  /home/
[root@node5 ~]# du -ach --max-depth=2 /home/4.0K  /home/www/.bash_logout4.0K  /home/www/.bash_profile4.0K  /home/www/.bashrc4.0K  /home/www/web16K  /home/www4.0K  /home/nginx/.bash_logout4.0K  /home/nginx/.bash_profile4.0K  /home/nginx/.bashrc12K  /home/nginx4.0K  /home/esnode/.bash_logout4.0K  /home/esnode/.bash_profile4.0K  /home/esnode/.bashrc4.0K  /home/esnode/.oracle_jre_usage4.3M  /home/esnode/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-6.2.2.zip80M  /home/esnode/kibana-6.2.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz300M  /home/esnode/x-pack-6.2.2.zip28M  /home/esnode/elasticsearch-6.2.2.tar.gz4.0K  /home/esnode/.bash_history294M  /home/esnode/elasticsearch-6.2.24.0K  /home/esnode/.ssh4.0K  /home/esnode/x-pack生成的秘钥.txt1014M  /home/esnode/kibana-6.2.2-linux-x86_648.0K  /home/esnode/.viminfo1.7G  /home/esnode1.7G  /home/1.7G  total

#tree命令默认没有安装，需要手动安装一下[root@node5 ~]# yum -y install tree#-L指定目录深度[root@node5 ~]# tree -L 2 /home//home/├── esnode│   ├── elasticsearch-6.2.2│   ├── elasticsearch-6.2.2.tar.gz│   ├── elasticsearch-analysis-ik-6.2.2.zip│   ├── kibana-6.2.2-linux-x86_64│   ├── kibana-6.2.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz│   ├── x-pack-6.2.2.zip│   └── x-pack\347\224\237\346\210\220\347\232\204\347\247\230\351\222\245.txt├── nginx└── www    └── web
6 directories, 5 files

[root@node5 ~]# lsblkNAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda               8:0    0   20G  0 disk ├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot└─sda2            8:2    0   19G  0 part   ├─centos-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]sdb               8:16   0    1G  0 disk └─sdb1            8:17   0  200M  0 part sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
#注释#NAME —— 设备的名称#MAJ:MIN —— Linux 操作系统中的每个设备都以一个文件表示，对块（磁盘）设备来说，这里用主次设备编号来描述设备。#RM —— 可移动设备。如果这是一个可移动设备将显示 1，否则显示 0。#TYPE —— 设备的类型#MOUNTPOINT —— 设备挂载的位置#RO —— 对于只读文件系统，这里会显示 1，否则显示 0。#SIZE —— 设备的容量

[root@node5 ~]# blkid/dev/sda1: UUID="6503b4ad-2975-4152-a824-feb7bea1b622" TYPE="xfs" /dev/sda2: UUID="nqZ4uJ-ksnN-KzYS-N42b-00m3-Ohc2-BJXunP" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/sdb1: UUID="94396e17-4821-4957-aa76-d41f33958ff5" TYPE="xfs" /dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="c1d38b37-821d-48e7-8727-3937ccc657a4" TYPE="xfs" /dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="c2fcaf11-42d8-4e4c-bf9e-6464f0777198" TYPE="swap"