【Hooks】：[译]React hooks是怎么工作的

目录
1. 什么是闭包
2. 在函数式组件中使用
3. 之前的闭包
4. 模块中的闭包
5. 复制 useEffect
6. 仅仅是数组
7. 理解 Hooks 的原则
8. 总结

// Example 0
function useState(initialValue) {
  var _val = initialValue // _val is a local variable created by useState
  function state() {
    // state is an inner function, a closure
    return _val // state() uses _val, declared by parent funciton
  }
  function setState(newVal) {
    // same
    _val = newVal // setting _val without exposing _val
  }
  return [state, setState] // exposing functions for external use
}
var [foo, setFoo] = useState(0) // using array destructuring
console.log(foo()) // logs 0 - the initialValue we gave
setFoo(1) // sets _val inside useState's scope
console.log(foo()) // logs 1 - new initialValue, despite exact same call

// Example 1
function Counter() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0) // same useState as above
  return {
    click: () => setCount(count() + 1),
    render: () => console.log('render:', { count: count() })
  }
}
const C = Counter()
C.render() // render: { count: 0 }
C.click()
C.render() // render: { count: 1 }

// Example 0, revisited - this is BUGGY!
function useState(initialValue) {
  var _val = initialValue
  // no state() function
  function setState(newVal) {
    _val = newVal
  }
  return [_val, setState] // directly exposing _val
}
var [foo, setFoo] = useState(0)
console.log(foo) // logs 0 without needing function call
setFoo(1) // sets _val inside useState's scope
console.log(foo) // logs 0 - oops!!

// Example 2
const MyReact = (function() {
  let _val // hold our state in module scope
  return {
    render(Component) {
      const Comp = Component()
      Comp.render()
      return Comp
    },
    useState(initialValue) {
      _val = _val || initialValue // assign anew every run
      function setState(newVal) {
        _val = newVal
      }
      return [_val, setState]
    }
  }
})()

// Example 2 continued
function Counter() {
  const [count, setCount] = MyReact.useState(0)
  return {
    click: () => setCount(count + 1),
    render: () => console.log('render:', { count })
  }
}
let App
App = MyReact.render(Counter) // render: { count: 0 }
App.click()
App = MyReact.render(Counter) // render: { count: 1 }

// Example 3
const MyReact = (function() {
  let _val, _deps // hold our state and dependencies in scope
  return {
    render(Component) {
      const Comp = Component()
      Comp.render()
      return Comp
    },
    useEffect(callback, depArray) {
      const hasNoDeps = !depArray
      const hasChangedDeps = _deps ? !depArray.every((el, i) => el === _deps[i]) : true
      if (hasNoDeps || hasChangedDeps) {
        callback()
        _deps = depArray
      }
    },
    useState(initialValue) {
      _val = _val || initialValue
      function setState(newVal) {
        _val = newVal
      }
      return [_val, setState]
    }
  }
})()

// usage
function Counter() {
  const [count, setCount] = MyReact.useState(0)
  MyReact.useEffect(() => {
    console.log('effect', count)
  }, [count])
  return {
    click: () => setCount(count + 1),
    noop: () => setCount(count),
    render: () => console.log('render', { count })
  }
}
let App
App = MyReact.render(Counter)
// effect 0
// render {count: 0}
App.click()
App = MyReact.render(Counter)
// effect 1
// render {count: 1}
App.noop()
App = MyReact.render(Counter)
// // no effect run
// render {count: 1}
App.click()
App = MyReact.render(Counter)
// effect 2
// render {count: 2}

// Example 4
const MyReact = (function() {
  let hooks = [],
    currentHook = 0 // array of hooks, and an iterator!
  return {
    render(Component) {
      const Comp = Component() // run effects
      Comp.render()
      currentHook = 0 // reset for next render
      return Comp
    },
    useEffect(callback, depArray) {
      const hasNoDeps = !depArray
      const deps = hooks[currentHook] // type: array | undefined
      const hasChangedDeps = deps ? !depArray.every((el, i) => el === deps[i]) : true
      if (hasNoDeps || hasChangedDeps) {
        callback()
        hooks[currentHook] = depArray
      }
      currentHook++ // done with this hook
    },
    useState(initialValue) {
      hooks[currentHook] = hooks[currentHook] || initialValue // type: any
      const setStateHookIndex = currentHook // for setState's closure!
      const setState = newState => (hooks[setStateHookIndex] = newState)
      return [hooks[currentHook++], setState]
    }
  }
})()

// Example 4 continued - in usage
function Counter() {
  const [count, setCount] = MyReact.useState(0)
  const [text, setText] = MyReact.useState('foo') // 2nd state hook!
  MyReact.useEffect(() => {
    console.log('effect', count, text)
  }, [count, text])
  return {
    click: () => setCount(count + 1),
    type: txt => setText(txt),
    noop: () => setCount(count),
    render: () => console.log('render', { count, text })
  }
}
let App
App = MyReact.render(Counter)
// effect 0 foo
// render {count: 0, text: 'foo'}
App.click()
App = MyReact.render(Counter)
// effect 1 foo
// render {count: 1, text: 'foo'}
App.type('bar')
App = MyReact.render(Counter)
// effect 1 bar
// render {count: 1, text: 'bar'}
App.noop()
App = MyReact.render(Counter)
// // no effect run
// render {count: 1, text: 'bar'}
App.click()
App = MyReact.render(Counter)
// effect 2 bar
// render {count: 2, text: 'bar'}

// Example 4, revisited
function Component() {
  const [text, setText] = useSplitURL('www.netlify.com')
  return {
    type: txt => setText(txt),
    render: () => console.log({ text })
  }
}
function useSplitURL(str) {
  const [text, setText] = MyReact.useState(str)
  const masked = text.split('.')
  return [masked, setText]
}
let App
App = MyReact.render(Component)
// { text: [ 'www', 'netlify', 'com' ] }
App.type('www.reactjs.org')
App = MyReact.render(Component)
// { text: [ 'www', 'reactjs', 'org' ] }}