issue-101
来修复它,但是,等等,当前正在dev
上进行的工作还没有提交:
$ git status
On branch dev
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
new file: hello.py
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: readme.txt
stash
功能,可以把当前工作现场“储藏”起来,等以后恢复现场后继续工作:
$ git stash
Saved working directory and index state WIP on dev: f52c633 add merge
git status
查看工作区,就是干净的(除非有没有被Git管理的文件),因此可以放心地创建分支来修复bug。
master
分支上修复,就从master
创建临时分支:
$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits
$ git checkout -b issue-101
Switched to a new branch 'issue-101'
Git is free software ...
”改为“Git is a free software ...
”,然后提交:$ git add readme.txt
$ git commit -m "fix bug 101"
[issue-101 4c805e2] fix bug 101
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
master
分支,并完成合并,最后删除issue-101
分支:$ git switch master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
$ git merge --no-ff -m "merged bug fix 101" issue-101
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
readme.txt | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
dev
分支干活了!$ git switch dev
Switched to branch 'dev'
$ git status
On branch dev
nothing to commit, working tree clean
git stash list
命令看看:$ git stash list
stash@{0}: WIP on dev: f52c633 add merge
git stash apply
恢复,但是恢复后,stash
内容并不删除,你需要用git stash drop
来删除;
git stash pop
,恢复的同时把stash内容也删了:
$ git stash pop
On branch dev
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
new file: hello.py
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: readme.txt
Dropped refs/stash@{0} (5d677e2ee266f39ea296182fb2354265b91b3b2a)
git stash list
查看,就看不到任何stash内容了:$ git stash list
stash
,恢复的时候,先用git stash list
查看,然后恢复指定的stash,用命令:$ git stash apply stash@{0}
master
分支上修复了bug后,我们要想一想,dev
分支是早期从master
分支分出来的,所以,这个bug其实在当前dev分支上也存在。
dev
分支上修复同样的bug?重复操作一次,提交不就行了?
有木有更简单的方法?有!
dev
上修复,我们只需要把4c805e2 fix bug 101
这个提交所做的修改“复制”到dev
分支。注意:我们只想复制4c805e2 fix bug 101
这个提交所做的修改,并不是把整个master
分支merge
过来。
cherry-pick
命令,让我们能复制一个特定的提交到当前分支:
$ git branch
* dev
master
$ git cherry-pick 4c805e2
[master 1d4b803] fix bug 101
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
commit
是1d4b803
,它并不同于master
的4c805e2
,因为这两个commit
只是改动相同,但确实是两个不同的commit
。用git cherry-pick
,我们就不需要在dev
分支上手动再把修bug的过程重复一遍。
master
分支上修复bug后,在dev
分支上可以“重放”这个修复过程,那么直接在dev
分支上修复bug,然后在master分支上“重放”行不行?当然可以,不过你仍然需要git stash
命令保存现场,才能从dev
分支切换到master
分支。
git stash
一下,然后去修复bug,修复后,再git stash pop
,回到工作现场;
master
分支上修复的bug,想要合并到当前dev
分支,可以用git cherry-pick <commit>
命令,把bug提交的修改“复制”到当前分支,避免重复劳动。