每天一个Linux命令--文本处理三剑客之awk

2 this is a test
3 Are you like awk
This's a test
10 There are orange,apple,mongo

awk '{[pattern] action}' {filenames}   # 行匹配语句 awk '' 只能用单引号

# 每行按空格或TAB分割，输出文本中的1、4项
 $ awk '{print $1,$4}' log.txt
 ---------------------------------------------
 2 a
 3 like
 This's
 10 orange,apple,mongo
 # 格式化输出
 $ awk '{printf "%-8s %-10s\n",$1,$4}' log.txt
 ---------------------------------------------
 2        a
 3        like
 This's
 10       orange,apple,mongo

awk -F  #-F相当于内置变量FS, 指定分割字符

# 使用","分割
 $  awk -F, '{print $1,$2}'   log.txt
 ---------------------------------------------
 2 this is a test
 3 Are you like awk
 This's a test
 10 There are orange apple
 # 或者使用内建变量
 $ awk 'BEGIN{FS=","} {print $1,$2}'     log.txt
 ---------------------------------------------
 2 this is a test
 3 Are you like awk
 This's a test
 10 There are orange apple
 # 使用多个分隔符.先使用空格分割，然后对分割结果再使用","分割
 $ awk -F '[ ,]'  '{print $1,$2,$5}'   log.txt
 ---------------------------------------------
 2 this test
 3 Are awk
 This's a
 10 There apple

awk -v  # 设置变量

 $ awk -va=1 '{print $1,$1+a}' log.txt
 ---------------------------------------------
 2 3
 3 4
 This's 1
 10 11
 $ awk -va=1 -vb=s '{print $1,$1+a,$1b}' log.txt
 ---------------------------------------------
 2 3 2s
 3 4 3s
 This's 1 This'ss
 10 11 10s

awk -f {awk脚本} {文件名}

 $ awk -f cal.awk log.txt