你确定！？这些基础绘图技能你全都掌握了！？

DataCharm

发布于 2021-07-29 15:43:55

6770

发布于 2021-07-29 15:43:55

在介绍完这篇关于Python-Matplotlib基础绘图属性后(这些绘图细节(字体、线类型、标记等)让你的论文配图耳目一新),有很多小伙伴私信能不能详细介绍下关于R-ggplot2的类似介绍？那么今天的这篇推文小编就系统介绍一下，详细内容如下：

线类型(Line type)
点形状(Point Shape)
文本(font face)属性

线类型(Line type)

R-ggplot2 绘图体系中关于线条的类型主要包括：白线(0="blank")、实线(1="solid")、短虚线(3="dashed")、点线(4="dotted")、点横线(4="dotdash")、长虚线(5="longdash")、短长虚线(6="twodash")。接下来，我们使用可视化的形式展示一下，如下：

library(tidyverse)
library(ggtext)
library(hrbrthemes)
library(ggstar)

lty <- c("solid", "dashed", "dotted", "dotdash", "longdash", "twodash")
linetypes <- data.frame(
  y = seq_along(lty),
  lty = lty
) 
ggplot(linetypes, aes(0, y)) + 
  geom_segment(aes(xend = 5, yend = y, linetype = lty)) + 
  scale_linetype_identity() + 
  geom_text(aes(label = lty), hjust = 0, nudge_y = 0.2,fontface="bold") +
  scale_x_continuous(NULL, breaks = NULL) + 
  scale_y_reverse(NULL, breaks = NULL) +
  labs(
    title = "Example of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ggplot2:: Line type</span>",
    subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_segment()</span>",
    caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#0057FF'>DataCharm</span>") +
   hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum(base_family = "Roboto Condensed") +
  theme(
    plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",
                                  size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
    plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
    plot.caption = element_markdown(hjust = 1,face = 'bold',size = 12))

Example Of ggplot2 Line type

如果你觉得以上的点线之际的距离无法满足自己的绘制需求，你还可以通过如下方式进行自己定义：

lty <- c("11", "18", "1f", "81", "88", "8f", "f1", "f8", "ff")
linetypes <- data.frame(
  y = seq_along(lty),
  lty = lty
) 
plot02 <- ggplot(linetypes, aes(0, y)) + 
  geom_segment(aes(xend = 5, yend = y, linetype = lty)) + 
  scale_linetype_identity() + 
  geom_text(aes(label = lty), hjust = 0, nudge_y = 0.2,fontface="bold") +
  scale_x_continuous(NULL, breaks = NULL) + 
  scale_y_reverse(NULL, breaks = NULL) +
  labs(
    title = "Example02 of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ggplot2:: Line type</span>",
    subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_segment()</span>",
    caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#0057FF'>DataCharm</span>") +
   hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum(base_family = "Roboto Condensed") +
  theme(
    plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",
                                  size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
    plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
    plot.caption = element_markdown(hjust = 1,face = 'bold',size = 12)
      )

Example02 Of ggplot2 Line type

「注意」：这里的linetype分别设置成"11", "18", "1f", "81", "88", "8f", "f1", "f8", "ff"。

点形状(Point Shape)

这一部分，小编介绍两种绘制点形状的方法，当然，你可以看作是是对点形状的补充，如下：

R-ggplot2 点形状介绍

R-ggplot2则通过修改geom_point()函数中shape属性进行更改，这里有0~25数字分别代表不同形状，且21~26号的点形状有fill属性，其他数字所表示的形状则只有颜色(colour)属性。详细如下：

shapes <- data.frame(
  shape = c(0:19, 22, 21, 24, 23, 20),
  x = 0:24 %/% 5,
  y = -(0:24 %% 5)
)
plot03 <- ggplot(shapes, aes(x, y)) + 
  geom_point(aes(shape = shape), size = 5, fill = "red") +
  geom_text(aes(label = shape), hjust = 0, nudge_x = 0.15) +
  scale_shape_identity() +
  expand_limits(x = 4.1) +
  scale_x_continuous(NULL, breaks = NULL) + 
  scale_y_reverse(NULL, breaks = NULL) +
  labs(
    title = "Example02 of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ggplot2:: Point Shape</span>",
    subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_point()</span>",
    caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#0057FF'>DataCharm</span>") +
  hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum(base_family = "Roboto Condensed") +
  theme(
    plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",
                                  size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
    plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
    plot.caption = element_markdown(hjust = 1,face = 'bold',size = 12)
      )

Example Of ggplot2 Point Shape

R-ggstar 点形状介绍

除了使用ggplot2本身的点形状数字外，小编再介绍另外一个第三方包-R-ggstar包，可通过修改其提供的geom_star()函数中的starshape参数修改形状。形状汇总如下：

p1 <- show_starshapes()
p1

Example Of ggstar starshapes

更多关于ggstar::geom_star()绘图函数可参考：R-ggstar[1]

文本属性

「fontface」:

这里我们着重介绍文本的字型(fontface),R-ggplot2的字型主要分为：常规(plain)、粗体(bold)、斜体(italic)、粗斜体(bold.italic)。展示如下：

df <- data.frame(x = seq(.5,2,.5), fontface = c("plain", "bold", "italic", "bold.italic"))
ggplot(df, aes(x, 2)) + 
  geom_text(aes(label = fontface, fontface = fontface),size=5) +
  xlim(c(0,2.5)) +
  labs(
    title = "Example of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ggplot::font face</span>",
    subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_text()</span>",
    caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#0057FF'>DataCharm</span>") +
  hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum(base_family = "Roboto Condensed") +
  theme(
    plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",
                                  size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
    plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
    plot.caption = element_markdown(hjust = 1,face = 'bold',size = 12)
      )

Example Of ggplot2 fontface

「Justification」:对齐(左、右、居中)

字体对齐在添加文本图层中经常遇到，ggplot2中有水平(horizontal) 和垂直(vertical) 对齐,具体表示方式如下：

使用字符串："top", "middle", "bottom", "left", "center", "right"。
使用0和1之间的数字表示：top = 1, middle = 0.5, bottom = 0 left = 0, center = 0.5, right = 1

展示结果如下：

just <- expand.grid(hjust = c(0, 0.5, 1), vjust = c(0, 0.5, 1))
just$label <- paste0(just$hjust, ", ", just$vjust)

ggplot(just, aes(hjust, vjust)) +
  geom_point(colour = "#0073C2", size = 5) + 
  geom_text(aes(label = label, hjust = hjust, vjust = vjust)) +
  labs(
    title = "Example of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ggplot::font justification </span>",
    subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_text()</span>",
    caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#0057FF'>DataCharm</span>") +
  hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum(base_family = "Roboto Condensed") +
  theme(
    plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",
                                  size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
    plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
    plot.caption = element_markdown(hjust = 1,face = 'bold',size = 12)
      )