iOS底层学习——KVC下篇

CC老师

发布于 2021-08-25 11:43:37

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发布于 2021-08-25 11:43:37

文章被收录于专栏：HelloCode开发者学习平台HelloCode开发者学习平台

1.在KVC中使用keyPath

除了对当前对象的属性进行赋值外，还可以对其更深层的对象进行赋值。例如，对当前对象的location属性的country属性进行赋值。KVC进行多级访问时，直接类似于属性调用一样用点语法进行访问即可。

    [person setValue:@"" forKeyPath:@"location.country"];

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通过keyPath对数组进行取值时，并且数组中存储的对象类型都相同，可以通过valueForKeyPath:方法指定取出数组中所有对象的某个字段。例如下面例子中，通过valueForKeyPath:将数组中所有对象的name属性值取出，并放入一个数组中返回。

    NSArray *names = [array valueForKeyPath:@"name"];

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2.异常处理

当根据KVC搜索规则，没有搜索到对应的key或者keyPath，则会调用对应的异常方法。异常方法的默认实现，在异常发生时会抛出一个异常，并且应用程序Crash。见下图：

我们可以重写下面两个方法:

    -(id)valueForUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key{
        NSLog(@"出现异常，该key不存在%@",key);
        return nil;
    }

    -(void)setValue:(id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key{
         NSLog(@"出现异常，该key不存在%@",key);
    }

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重写这两个方法之后，运行程序不再崩溃，见下图：

但是我们可以根据业务需要，合理的处理KVC导致的异常。比如下面的处理方式：

- (void)setNilValueForKey:(NSString *)key {
    if ([key isEqualToString:@"name"]) {
        [self setValue:@"" forKey:@”age”];
    } else {
        [super setNilValueForKey:key];
    }
}

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3.自定义KVC

根据苹果官方文档提供的设值、取值规则，我们可以自己进行KVC的自定义实现。见下面实现代码：

// KVC 自定义
@implementation NSObject (LGKVC)

// 设置
- (void)lg_setValue:(nullable id)value forKey:(NSString *)key{
    // 1: 判断什么 key
    if (key == nil || key.length == 0) {
        return;
    }

    // 2: setter set<Key>: or _set<Key>,
    // key 要大写
    NSString *Key = key.capitalizedString;

    // 拼接方法
    NSString *setKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"set%@:",Key];
    NSString *_setKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"_set%@:",Key];
    NSString *setIsKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"setIs%@:",Key];

    // 是否存在方法
    if ([self lg_performSelectorWithMethodName:setKey value:value]) {
        NSLog(@"*********%@**********",setKey);
        return;
    }else if ([self lg_performSelectorWithMethodName:_setKey value:value]) {
        NSLog(@"*********%@**********",_setKey);
        return;
    }else if ([self lg_performSelectorWithMethodName:setIsKey value:value]) {
        NSLog(@"*********%@**********",setIsKey);
        return;
    }

    // 3: 判断是否响应 accessInstanceVariablesDirectly 返回YES NO 奔溃
    // 3:判断是否能够直接赋值实例变量——NO
    if (![self.class accessInstanceVariablesDirectly] ) {
        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"LGUnknownKeyException" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"****[%@ valueForUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key name.****",self] userInfo:nil];

    }

    // 4: 间接变量
    // 获取 ivar -> 遍历 containsObjct -
    // 4.1 定义一个收集实例变量的可变数组
    NSMutableArray *mArray = [self getIvarListName];
    // _<key> _is<Key> <key> is<Key>
    // 拼接成员变量
    NSString *_key = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"_%@",key];
    NSString *_isKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"_is%@",Key];
    NSString *isKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"is%@",Key];

    // 是否存在对应的变量
    if ([mArray containsObject:_key]) {
        // 4.2 获取相应的 ivar
       Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([self class], _key.UTF8String);
        // 4.3 对相应的 ivar 设置值
       object_setIvar(self , ivar, value);
       return;
    }else if ([mArray containsObject:_isKey]) {
       Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([self class], _isKey.UTF8String);
       object_setIvar(self , ivar, value);
       return;
    }else if ([mArray containsObject:key]) {
       Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([self class], key.UTF8String);
       object_setIvar(self , ivar, value);
       return;
    }else if ([mArray containsObject:isKey]) {
       Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([self class], isKey.UTF8String);
       object_setIvar(self , ivar, value);
       return;
    }

    // 5:如果找不到相关实例

    @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"LGUnknownKeyException" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"****[%@ %@]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key name.****",self,NSStringFromSelector(_cmd)] userInfo:nil];
}

// 取值
- (nullable id)lg_valueForKey:(NSString *)key{

    // 1:刷选key 判断非空
    if (key == nil  || key.length == 0) {
        return nil;
    }

    // 2:找到相关方法 get<Key> <key> countOf<Key>  objectIn<Key>AtIndex
    // key 要大写
    NSString *Key = key.capitalizedString;

    // 拼接方法
    NSString *getKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"get%@",Key];
    NSString *countOfKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"countOf%@",Key];
    NSString *objectInKeyAtIndex = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"objectIn%@AtIndex:",Key];

#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"

    if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(getKey)]) {
        return [self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(getKey)];
    }else if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(key)]){
        return [self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(key)];
    }else if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(countOfKey)]){
        if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(objectInKeyAtIndex)]) {
            int num = (int)[self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(countOfKey)];
            NSMutableArray *mArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:1];
            for (int i = 0; i<num-1; i++) {
                num = (int)[self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(countOfKey)];
            }

            for (int j = 0; j<num; j++) {
                id objc = [self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(objectInKeyAtIndex) withObject:@(num)];
                [mArray addObject:objc];
            }
            return mArray;
        }
    }
#pragma clang diagnostic pop


    // 3:判断是否能够直接赋值实例变量-YES、NO
    if (![self.class accessInstanceVariablesDirectly] ) {
        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"LGUnknownKeyException" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"****[%@ valueForUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key name.****",self] userInfo:nil];
    }

    // 4.找相关实例变量进行赋值
    // 4.1 定义一个收集实例变量的可变数组
    NSMutableArray *mArray = [self getIvarListName];

    // _<key> _is<Key> <key> is<Key>
    // _name -> _isName -> name -> isName
    NSString *_key = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"_%@",key];
    NSString *_isKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"_is%@",Key];
    NSString *isKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"is%@",Key];

    // 判断是否存在对应的成员变量
    if ([mArray containsObject:_key]) {
        Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([self class], _key.UTF8String);
        return object_getIvar(self, ivar);;
    }else if ([mArray containsObject:_isKey]) {
        Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([self class], _isKey.UTF8String);
        return object_getIvar(self, ivar);;
    }else if ([mArray containsObject:key]) {
        Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([self class], key.UTF8String);
        return object_getIvar(self, ivar);;
    }else if ([mArray containsObject:isKey]) {
        Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([self class], isKey.UTF8String);
        return object_getIvar(self, ivar);;
    }

    return @"";
}

#pragma mark **- 相关方法**

- (BOOL)lg_performSelectorWithMethodName:(NSString *)methodName value:(id)value{
    if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(methodName)]) {
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"
        [self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(methodName) withObject:value];
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
        return YES;
    }
    return NO;
}

- (id)performSelectorWithMethodName:(NSString *)methodName{

    if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(methodName)]) {
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"
        return [self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(methodName) ];
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
    }
    return nil;
}

- (NSMutableArray *)getIvarListName{
    NSMutableArray *mArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:1];
    unsigned int count = 0;
    Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([self class], &count);
    for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {
        Ivar ivar = ivars[i];
        const char *ivarNameChar = ivar_getName(ivar);
        NSString *ivarName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:ivarNameChar];
        NSLog(@"ivarName == %@",ivarName);
        [mArray addObject:ivarName];
    }

    free(ivars);
    return mArray;
}

@end

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原始发表：2021-08-03，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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