OC对象原理（二）

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        // insert code here...
        LGPerson *p  = [LGPerson alloc];
        Class pClass = [LGPerson class];
        NSLog(@"Hello, World! %@ -- %p",p,pClass);
    }
    return 0;
}

+ (id)alloc {
    return _objc_rootAlloc(self);
}

// Base class implementation of +alloc. cls is not nil.
// Calls [cls allocWithZone:nil].
id
_objc_rootAlloc(Class cls)
{
    return callAlloc(cls, false/*checkNil*/, true/*allocWithZone*/);
}

// Call [cls alloc] or [cls allocWithZone:nil], with appropriate 
// shortcutting optimizations.
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
callAlloc(Class cls, bool checkNil, bool allocWithZone=false)
{
    if (slowpath(checkNil && !cls)) return nil;

#if __OBJC2__
    if (fastpath(!cls->ISA()->hasCustomAWZ())) {
        // No alloc/allocWithZone implementation. Go straight to the allocator.
        // fixme store hasCustomAWZ in the non-meta class and 
        // add it to canAllocFast's summary
        if (fastpath(cls->canAllocFast())) {
            // No ctors, raw isa, etc. Go straight to the metal.
            bool dtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
            id obj = (id)calloc(1, cls->bits.fastInstanceSize());
            if (slowpath(!obj)) return callBadAllocHandler(cls);
            obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, dtor);
            return obj;
        }
        else {
            // Has ctor or raw isa or something. Use the slower path.
            id obj = class_createInstance(cls, 0);
            if (slowpath(!obj)) return callBadAllocHandler(cls);
            return obj;
        }
    }
#endif

    // No shortcuts available.
    if (allocWithZone) return [cls allocWithZone:nil];
    return [cls alloc];
}

    bool canAllocFast() {
        assert(!isFuture());
        return bits.canAllocFast();
    }

#if FAST_ALLOC
    size_t fastInstanceSize() 
    {
        assert(bits & FAST_ALLOC);
        return (bits >> FAST_SHIFTED_SIZE_SHIFT) * 16;
    }
    void setFastInstanceSize(size_t newSize) 
{
        // Set during realization or construction only. No locking needed.
        assert(data()->flags & RW_REALIZING);

        // Round up to 16-byte boundary, then divide to get 16-byte units
        newSize = ((newSize + 15) & ~15) / 16;
        
        uintptr_t newBits = newSize << FAST_SHIFTED_SIZE_SHIFT;
        if ((newBits >> FAST_SHIFTED_SIZE_SHIFT) == newSize) {
            int shift = WORD_BITS - FAST_SHIFTED_SIZE_SHIFT;
            uintptr_t oldBits = (bits << shift) >> shift;
            if ((oldBits & FAST_ALLOC_MASK) == FAST_ALLOC_VALUE) {
                newBits |= FAST_ALLOC;
            }
            bits = oldBits | newBits;
        }
    }

    bool canAllocFast() {
        return bits & FAST_ALLOC;
    }
#else
    size_t fastInstanceSize() {
        abort();
    }
    void setFastInstanceSize(size_t) {
        // nothing
    }
    bool canAllocFast() {
        return false;
    }
#endif

#if !__LP64__

// class or superclass has .cxx_construct implementation
#define RW_HAS_CXX_CTOR       (1<<18)
// class or superclass has .cxx_destruct implementation
#define RW_HAS_CXX_DTOR       (1<<17)
// class or superclass has default alloc/allocWithZone: implementation
// Note this is is stored in the metaclass.
#define RW_HAS_DEFAULT_AWZ    (1<<16)
// class's instances requires raw isa
#if SUPPORT_NONPOINTER_ISA
#define RW_REQUIRES_RAW_ISA   (1<<15)
#endif
// class or superclass has default retain/release/autorelease/retainCount/
//   _tryRetain/_isDeallocating/retainWeakReference/allowsWeakReference
#define RW_HAS_DEFAULT_RR     (1<<14)

// class is a Swift class from the pre-stable Swift ABI
#define FAST_IS_SWIFT_LEGACY  (1UL<<0)
// class is a Swift class from the stable Swift ABI
#define FAST_IS_SWIFT_STABLE  (1UL<<1)
// data pointer
#define FAST_DATA_MASK        0xfffffffcUL

#elif 1
// Leaks-compatible version that steals low bits only.

// class or superclass has .cxx_construct implementation
#define RW_HAS_CXX_CTOR       (1<<18)
// class or superclass has .cxx_destruct implementation
#define RW_HAS_CXX_DTOR       (1<<17)
// class or superclass has default alloc/allocWithZone: implementation
// Note this is is stored in the metaclass.
#define RW_HAS_DEFAULT_AWZ    (1<<16)
// class's instances requires raw isa
#define RW_REQUIRES_RAW_ISA   (1<<15)

// class is a Swift class from the pre-stable Swift ABI
#define FAST_IS_SWIFT_LEGACY    (1UL<<0)
// class is a Swift class from the stable Swift ABI
#define FAST_IS_SWIFT_STABLE    (1UL<<1)
// class or superclass has default retain/release/autorelease/retainCount/
//   _tryRetain/_isDeallocating/retainWeakReference/allowsWeakReference
#define FAST_HAS_DEFAULT_RR     (1UL<<2)
// data pointer
#define FAST_DATA_MASK          0x00007ffffffffff8UL

#else
// Leaks-incompatible version that steals lots of bits.

// class is a Swift class from the pre-stable Swift ABI
#define FAST_IS_SWIFT_LEGACY    (1UL<<0)
// class is a Swift class from the stable Swift ABI
#define FAST_IS_SWIFT_STABLE    (1UL<<1)
// summary bit for fast alloc path: !hasCxxCtor and 
//   !instancesRequireRawIsa and instanceSize fits into shiftedSize
#define FAST_ALLOC              (1UL<<2)
// data pointer
#define FAST_DATA_MASK          0x00007ffffffffff8UL
// class or superclass has .cxx_construct implementation
#define FAST_HAS_CXX_CTOR       (1UL<<47)
// class or superclass has default alloc/allocWithZone: implementation
// Note this is is stored in the metaclass.
#define FAST_HAS_DEFAULT_AWZ    (1UL<<48)
// class or superclass has default retain/release/autorelease/retainCount/
//   _tryRetain/_isDeallocating/retainWeakReference/allowsWeakReference
#define FAST_HAS_DEFAULT_RR     (1UL<<49)
// class's instances requires raw isa
//   This bit is aligned with isa_t->hasCxxDtor to save an instruction.
#define FAST_REQUIRES_RAW_ISA   (1UL<<50)
// class or superclass has .cxx_destruct implementation
#define FAST_HAS_CXX_DTOR       (1UL<<51)
// instance size in units of 16 bytes
//   or 0 if the instance size is too big in this field
//   This field must be LAST
#define FAST_SHIFTED_SIZE_SHIFT 52

// FAST_ALLOC means
//   FAST_HAS_CXX_CTOR is set
//   FAST_REQUIRES_RAW_ISA is not set
//   FAST_SHIFTED_SIZE is not zero
// FAST_ALLOC does NOT check FAST_HAS_DEFAULT_AWZ because that 
// bit is stored on the metaclass.
#define FAST_ALLOC_MASK  (FAST_HAS_CXX_CTOR | FAST_REQUIRES_RAW_ISA)
#define FAST_ALLOC_VALUE (0)

#endif

// Make sure we get a bitcast on the return type as the
// call will return i8* which we have to cast to A*
// CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}}void @test_alloc_class_ptr
A* test_alloc_class_ptr() {
  // CALLS: {{call.*@objc_alloc}}
  // CALLS-NEXT: bitcast i8*
  // CALLS-NEXT: ret
  return [B alloc];
}

/// Allocate the given objc object.
///   call i8* \@objc_alloc(i8* %value)
llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitObjCAlloc(llvm::Value *value,
                                            llvm::Type *resultType) {
  return emitObjCValueOperation(*this, value, resultType,
                                CGM.getObjCEntrypoints().objc_alloc,
                                "objc_alloc");
}

/// Allocate the given objc object.
///   call i8* \@objc_alloc(i8* %value)
llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitObjCAlloc(llvm::Value *value,
                                            llvm::Type *resultType) {
  return emitObjCValueOperation(*this, value, resultType,
                                CGM.getObjCEntrypoints().objc_alloc,
                                "objc_alloc");
}

struct NormanStruct1 {
    char a;
    double b;
    int c;
    short d;
} NormanStruct1;

struct NormanStruct2 {
    double b;
    int c;
    char a;
    short d;
} NormanStruct2;

NSLog(@"NormanStruct1***%lu", sizeof(NormanStruct1)); // NormanStruct1***24
NSLog(@"NormanStruct2***%lu", sizeof(NormanStruct2)); // NormanStruct2***16

union isa_t {
    isa_t() { }
    isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }

    Class cls;
    uintptr_t bits;
#if defined(ISA_BITFIELD)
    struct {
        ISA_BITFIELD;  // defined in isa.h
    };
#endif
};

@interface NormanTank : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, assign)BOOL front;
@property (nonatomic, assign)BOOL back;
@property (nonatomic, assign)BOOL left;
@property (nonatomic, assign)BOOL right;

@end

    // 联合体
    union {
        char bits;
        // 位域
        struct {
            char front  : 1;
            char back   : 1;
            char left   : 1;
            char right  : 1;
        };
    } _direction;

typedef unsigned long           uintptr_t;

isa.cls = cls;

newisa.shiftcls = (uintptr_t)cls >> 3;

(lldb) x/4gx tank
0x600003075910: 0x000000010e764ec8 0x0000000000000000
0x600003075920: 0x00007fcc52401650 0x0000000000000000
(lldb) p/t 0x000000010e764ec8
(long) $2 = 0b0000000000000000000000000000000100001110011101100100111011001000

object_getClass(id _Nullable obj) 

Class object_getClass(id obj)
{
    if (obj) return obj->getIsa();
    else return Nil;
}

inline Class 
objc_object::ISA() 
{
    assert(!isTaggedPointer()); 
#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
    if (isa.nonpointer) {
        uintptr_t slot = isa.indexcls;
        return classForIndex((unsigned)slot);
    }
    return (Class)isa.bits;
#else
    return (Class)(isa.bits & ISA_MASK);
#endif
}

Class class1 = NormanTank.class;
Class class2 = object_getClass([NormanTank alloc]);
Class class3 = [NormanTank alloc].class;
Class class4 = [NormanTank alloc].class;
NSLog(@"\n%p\n%p\n%p\n%p\n", class1, class2, class3, class4);

+ (id)new {
    return [callAlloc(self, false/*checkNil*/) init];
}