linux下使用fdisk工具为磁盘分区格式化

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用户7639835

修改于 2021-11-19 18:01:53

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修改于 2021-11-19 18:01:53

文章被收录于专栏：技术知识分享技术知识分享

首先要明确分区是针对磁盘进行的操做，磁盘分区会创建分区表，类似vda，sda的是磁盘，vda1，sda1的是分区

1.1. 查看分区挂载情况

df -h

1.2.查看服务器挂载的磁盘

fdisk -l
fdisk -l /dev/vdb

2.1.对vdb磁盘进行分区

fdisk /dev/vdb

进入交互式的分区界面，以下是分区操作步骤

m打印菜单
n新建分区
    p选择主分区
    e选择扩展分区
        1选择分区号
            选择初始位置，默认为1
            选择结束为止，默认为磁盘结尾

分区创建完成，可以列表查看，保存退出

p打印分区表
w写入分区表保存
q退出

2.2.重新载入磁盘分区信息

无返回就是载入磁盘信息成功，针对磁盘进行操作

partprobe /dev/vdb

注意：使用fdisk工具只是将分区信息写到磁盘，在格式化分区值前需要使用partprobe让kernel重新读取分区信息，如果不成功则需要重启系统

3.1.对磁盘分区进行格式化

使用ext4文件系统

mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1

3.2.格式化完成后续优化配置，取消磁盘自检

tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1

4.1.挂载磁盘分区到指定目录

mkdir -p /data
mount /dev/vdb1 /data

4.2.配置开机自动挂载分区

/etc/fstab 增加一行

vim /etc/fstab 
-------------------------------------------------------
/dev/vdb1               /data                   ext4    defaults        0 0
-------------------------------------------------------

5.0.以下为实例演示：使用Ubuntu系统

5.1.查看磁盘分区信息

root@zstest:~# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           1.6G  3.2M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/vda1        50G  5.7G   41G  13% /
tmpfs           7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0

5.2.列表查看磁盘信息

root@zstest:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd6804155

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *     2048 104855551 104853504  50G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

5.3.对磁盘vdb进行分区

root@zstest:~# fdisk /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x63c3e6e0.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): 
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): 

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 50 GiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

5.4.查看分区信息

root@zstest:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd6804155

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *     2048 104855551 104853504  50G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x63c3e6e0

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vdb1        2048 104857599 104855552  50G 83 Linux

5.5.重新载入磁盘分区信息