迭代器 Iterator 接口源码分析

        List list =new ArrayList();
        list.add("list4");
        list.add("list2");
        list.add("list3");
        Iterator iterator=list.iterator();
        for (iterator.hasNext()){
            System.out.println(iterator.next());
        }

等价于
        for (Iterator iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();){
            System.out.println(iterator.next());
        }

        Set set=new HashSet();
        set.add("set");
        set.add("set2");
        Iterator iterator1=set.iterator();
        while(iterator1.hasNext()){
             System.out.println(iterator1.next());
        }

        Map map=new HashMap();
        map.put("a","map");
        map.put("b","map2");

        //先将map中的键存入Set，再使用迭代器遍历
        Set<String> set1=map.keySet();

        Iterator iterator2=set1.iterator();
        while (iterator2.hasNext()){
            System.out.println(map.get(iterator2.next()));
        }

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 *
 */

package java.util;

import java.util.function.Consumer;

/**
 * An iterator over a collection.  {@code Iterator} takes the place of
 * {@link Enumeration} in the Java Collections Framework.  Iterators
 * differ from enumerations in two ways:
 *
 * <ul>
 *      <li> Iterators allow the caller to remove elements from the
 *           underlying collection during the iteration with well-defined
 *           semantics.
 *      <li> Method names have been improved.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>This interface is a member of the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
 * Java Collections Framework</a>.
 *
 * @param <E> the type of elements returned by this iterator
 *
 * @author  Josh Bloch
 * @see Collection
 * @see ListIterator
 * @see Iterable
 * @since 1.2
 */
public interface Iterator<E> {
    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if the iteration has more elements.
     * (In other words, returns {@code true} if {@link #next} would
     * return an element rather than throwing an exception.)
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the iteration has more elements
     */
    // 如果迭代有更多元素
    boolean hasNext();

    /**
     * Returns the next element in the iteration.
     *
     * @return the next element in the iteration
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if the iteration has no more elements
     */
    //返回迭代中的下一个元素，如果没有元素了，就抛出NoSuchElementExceptio异常
    E next();

    /**
     * Removes from the underlying collection the last element returned
     * by this iterator (optional operation).  This method can be called
     * only once per call to {@link #next}.  The behavior of an iterator
     * is unspecified if the underlying collection is modified while the
     * iteration is in progress in any way other than by calling this
     * method.
     *
     * @implSpec
     * The default implementation throws an instance of
     * {@link UnsupportedOperationException} and performs no other action.
     *
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code remove}
     *         operation is not supported by this iterator
     *
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the {@code next} method has not
     *         yet been called, or the {@code remove} method has already
     *         been called after the last call to the {@code next}
     *         method
     */
    default void remove() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove");
    }

    /**
     * Performs the given action for each remaining element until all elements
     * have been processed or the action throws an exception.  Actions are
     * performed in the order of iteration, if that order is specified.
     * Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
     *
     * @implSpec
     * <p>The default implementation behaves as if:
     * <pre>{@code
     *     while (hasNext())
     *         action.accept(next());
     * }</pre>
     *
     * @param action The action to be performed for each element
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
     * @since 1.8
     */
    default void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
        while (hasNext())
            action.accept(next());
    }
}