之前用简单工厂模式实现的计算器类的类图如下:
当增加一类新的运算时,除了增加一个新的子类,还需要修改简单工厂类的实现,违反了开放-封闭原则。因此出现了工厂方法模式。工厂方法模式只是定义了一个创建对象的接口,由子类去实现该接口,决定创建那个对象,相当于将对象的初始化延迟到了子类。
通过工厂方法模式实现计算器类,主要类图如下:
c++ 实现代码如下:
#include<exception>
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Operator
{
public:
Operator(double iVal1, double iVal2) :m_val1(iVal1), m_val2(iVal2){};
virtual double getResult() = 0;
virtual ~Operator(){};
protected:
double m_val1;
double m_val2;
};
class OperatorAdd :public Operator
{
public:
OperatorAdd(double iVal1, double iVal2) :Operator(iVal1,iVal2){};
double getResult() override
{
return m_val1 + m_val2;
}
};
class OperatorSub :public Operator
{
public:
OperatorSub(double iVal1, double iVal2) :Operator(iVal1, iVal2){};
double getResult() override
{
return m_val1 - m_val2;
}
};
class OperatorMuti :public Operator
{
public:
OperatorMuti(double iVal1, double iVal2) :Operator(iVal1, iVal2){};
double getResult() override
{
return m_val1 * m_val2;
}
};
class OperatorDev :public Operator
{
public:
OperatorDev(double iVal1, double iVal2) :Operator(iVal1, iVal2){};
double getResult() override
{
if (m_val2==0)
{
cout << "除数不能为0!" << endl;
throw exception("除数不能为0!");
}
return m_val1 / m_val2;
}
};
class IOperatorFactory
{
public:
IOperatorFactory(double ival1, double ival2):m_ival1(ival1),m_ival2(ival2){}
virtual Operator *createOperator() = 0;
~IOperatorFactory(){};
protected:
double m_ival1;
double m_ival2;
};
class OperatorAddFactory :public IOperatorFactory
{
public:
OperatorAddFactory(double ival1, double ival2) :IOperatorFactory(ival1,ival2){}
Operator *createOperator() override
{
return new OperatorAdd(m_ival1,m_ival2);
}
};
class OperatorSubFactory :public IOperatorFactory
{
public:
OperatorSubFactory(double ival1, double ival2) :IOperatorFactory(ival1, ival2){}
Operator *createOperator() override
{
return new OperatorSub(m_ival1, m_ival2);
}
};
class OperatorMutiFactory :public IOperatorFactory
{
public:
OperatorMutiFactory(double ival1, double ival2) :IOperatorFactory(ival1, ival2){}
Operator *createOperator() override
{
return new OperatorMuti(m_ival1, m_ival2);
}
};
class OperatorDevFactory :public IOperatorFactory
{
public:
OperatorDevFactory(double ival1, double ival2) :IOperatorFactory(ival1, ival2){}
Operator *createOperator() override
{
return new OperatorDev(m_ival1, m_ival2);
}
};
int main()
{
IOperatorFactory *pFact = new OperatorMutiFactory(2.4, 4.5);
Operator *pOper = pFact->createOperator();
cout << pOper->getResult() << endl;
delete pOper;
delete pFact;
system("pause");
}
简单工厂模式特点是将对象初始化操作交给工厂,客户端不需要关心,但是每次新增类型时都需要修改初始化工厂,违背了开放封闭原则。采用工厂方法模式时,增加新运算时,只需要新增一个运算子类和工厂子类即可,符合开放封闭原则。但是,将采用那个工厂初始化对象的判断交给了客户端,增加了客户端的代码量,暴露了太多细节,在后续模式中将进一步优化。