【mysql】流程控制函数

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兮动人

发布于 2022-03-15 10:29:51

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发布于 2022-03-15 10:29:51

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流程控制函数

流程处理函数可以根据不同的条件，执行不同的处理流程，可以在SQL语句中实现不同的条件选择。MySQL中的流程处理函数主要包括IF()、IFNULL()和CASE()函数。

函数	用法
IF(value,value1,value2)	如果value的值为TRUE，返回value1，否则返回value2
IFNULL(value1, value2)	如果value1不为NULL，返回value1，否则返回value2
CASE WHEN 条件1 THEN 结果1 WHEN 条件2 THEN 结果2 .... ELSE resultn END	相当于Java的if...else if...else...
CASE expr WHEN 常量值1 THEN 值1 WHEN 常量值1 THEN 值1 .... ELSE 值n END	相当于Java的switch...case...

SELECT IF(1 > 0,'正确','错误')    
->正确

SELECT IFNULL(null,'Hello Word')
->Hello Word

SELECT CASE 
　　WHEN 1 > 0
　　THEN '1 > 0'
　　WHEN 2 > 0
　　THEN '2 > 0'
　　ELSE '3 > 0'
　　END
->1 > 0

SELECT CASE 1 
　　WHEN 1 THEN '我是1'
　　WHEN 2 THEN '我是2'
ELSE '你是谁'

SELECT employee_id,salary, CASE WHEN salary>=15000 THEN '高薪' 
				  WHEN salary>=10000 THEN '潜力股'  
				  WHEN salary>=8000 THEN '屌丝' 
				  ELSE '草根' END  "描述"
FROM employees;

SELECT oid,`status`, CASE `status` WHEN 1 THEN '未付款' 
								   WHEN 2 THEN '已付款' 
								   WHEN 3 THEN '已发货'  
								   WHEN 4 THEN '确认收货'  
								   ELSE '无效订单' END 
FROM t_order;

mysql> SELECT CASE WHEN 1 > 0 THEN 'yes' WHEN 1 <= 0 THEN 'no' ELSE 'unknown' END;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CASE WHEN 1 > 0 THEN 'yes' WHEN 1 <= 0 THEN 'no' ELSE 'unknown' END |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| yes                                                                  |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CASE WHEN 1 < 0 THEN 'yes' WHEN 1 = 0 THEN 'no' ELSE 'unknown' END;  
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CASE WHEN 1 < 0 THEN 'yes' WHEN 1 = 0 THEN 'no' ELSE 'unknown' END |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| unknown                                                             |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CASE 1 WHEN 0 THEN 0 WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END;
+------------------------------------------------+
| CASE 1 WHEN 0 THEN 0 WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END |
+------------------------------------------------+
|                                               1 |
+------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CASE -1 WHEN 0 THEN 0 WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END;
+-------------------------------------------------+
| CASE -1 WHEN 0 THEN 0 WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END |
+-------------------------------------------------+
|                                               -1 |
+-------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SELECT employee_id,12 * salary * (1 + IFNULL(commission_pct,0))
FROM employees;

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary,
       CASE job_id WHEN 'IT_PROG'  THEN  1.10*salary
                   WHEN 'ST_CLERK' THEN  1.15*salary
                   WHEN 'SA_REP'   THEN  1.20*salary
       			   ELSE      salary END     "REVISED_SALARY"
FROM   employees;