使用 kubeadm 部署 Kubernetes 1.21.10 [2022 更新版]

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懒人的小脑

修改于 2022-03-16 10:52:07

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修改于 2022-03-16 10:52:07

文章被收录于专栏：懒人的运维备忘录懒人的运维备忘录

更新日期：2022-03

0. 环境

主机名	角色	OS	IP
node1	master	Ubuntu 20.04(ARM64)	192.168.50.11
node2	worker	Ubuntu 20.04(ARM64)	192.168.50.12
node3	worker	Ubuntu 20.04(ARM64)	192.168.50.13
node4	worker	Ubuntu 20.04(ARM64)	192.168.50.147

1. 关闭交换分区并配置内核参数

所有节点（不包括 Storage）均需要执行

sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.\*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

sudo swapoff -a

修改内核参数（二选一执行）

方法 1

# Enable kernel modules

sudo modprobe overlay

sudo modprobe br\_netfilter

sudo sysctl --system

方法 2

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf

br\_netfilter

EOF

# Add some settings to sysctl

sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf<<EOF

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

net.ipv4.ip\_forward = 1

EOF

# Reload sysctl

sudo sysctl --system

2. 部署 Container Runtime

所有节点（除了 node4）均需要执行

sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl

sudo apt install docker.io

修改 docker daemon 设置

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF

{

  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],

  "registry-mirrors": ["https://cymwrg5y.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],

  "log-driver": "json-file",

  "log-opts": {

    "max-size": "100m"

  },

  "storage-driver": "overlay2"

}

EOF

重启 Docker

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl restart docker

3. 添加 Kubernetes 仓库

所有节点（除了 node4）均需要执行

curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list <<-'EOF'

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial main

EOF

4. 安装 kubeadm

Master节点

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y kubectl=1.21.10-00 kubeadm=1.21.10-00 kubelet=1.21.10-00

sudo apt-mark hold kubectl kubeadm kubelet

Worker 节点

# Worker node doesn't need kubectl

sudo apt-get install -y kubeadm=1.21.10-00 kubelet=1.21.10-00

# 阻止自动更新(apt upgrade时忽略)。所以更新的时候先unhold，更新完再hold。

sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm kubelet

确认安装版本

kubectl version --client && kubeadm version

5. 部署 Master 相关组件

有两种方法可以部署 Master 相关的组件，一种是使用init 配置文件，另外一种是使用命令行参数，建议使用 init 配置文件进行部署。

使用 init 配置文件

获取并修改 kubeadm-init 配置文件

advertiseAddress：API Service 的 IP地址
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: master 的主机名
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kubernetesVersion: 1.21.0

sudo kubeadm config print init-defaults > init-config.yaml

修改后的yaml 文件

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2

bootstrapTokens:

- groups:

  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token

 token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef

 ttl: 24h0m0s

 usages:

  - signing

  - authentication

kind: InitConfiguration

localAPIEndpoint:

 advertiseAddress: 192.168.50.11

 bindPort: 6443

nodeRegistration:

 criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock

 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

 name: master

 taints: null

---

apiServer:

 timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3

certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki

clusterName: kubernetes

controllerManager: {}

dns: {}

etcd:

 local:

 dataDir: /var/lib/etcd

imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers

kind: ClusterConfiguration

kubernetesVersion: 1.21.10

networking:

 dnsDomain: cluster.local

 serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12

scheduler: {}

---

# 根据cgroupDriver 实际情况选择，docker 配置为 systemd 则不需要执行下面的配置

kind: KubeletConfiguration

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1

#cgroupDriver: systemd

cgroupDriver: cgroupfs

这里 cgroupDriver 需要说明的是，kubeadm 默认会将kubelet 的 cgroupDriver 字段设置为 systemd，

如果设置为 systemd ，kubelet 会启动不了，所以需要保持 docker 和 kubelet cgroupDriver 保持一致。

使用命令行参数

sudo kubeadm init \

     --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers \

     --kubernetes-version 1.21.10 \

     --pod-network-cidr=$POD\_NETWORK \

     --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \

     --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.50.11

Master 组件创建完成后，需要配置 kubeconig 文件等

# 对于普通用户

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

# 对于 root 用户

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

6. 配置 Worker node 加入集群

执行在 Master node 生成的命令加入集群

sudo kubeadm join MASTERIP:6443 --token TOEKN \

    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:SHA256

token 有 24h 有效期，过期后可以重新生成 token

# 方法 1

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

# 方法 2

# 获取 token

kubeadm token create

# 列出 token

kubeadm token list | awk -F" " '{print $1}' | tail -n 1

# 获取 CA 公钥的哈希值

openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed  's/^ .\* //'

# 从节点加入集群

kubeadm join masterIP:6443 --token TOKEN --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:HASHNUMBER

获取 kubeadm 帮助 cat kubeadm-help

7. 部署网络插件

目前有 flannel 、calico 等插件可选

方式 1

kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.21/manifests/calico.yaml

方式 2

kubectl create -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml

wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/custom-resources.yaml

#修改 pod network为 10.244.0.0/16

kubectl apply -f custom-resources.yaml

网络插件运行后，coredns pod 也会从 pending 状态变成 running 状态

8. 脚本

#!/bin/bash

set -eux

set -o pipefail

K8S\_VERSION=1.21.10

MASTER\_IP=192.168.50.11

POD\_NETWORK=10.244.0.0/16

PACKAGE\_VERSION=$K8S\_VERSION-00

swapoff(){

    sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.\*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

    sudo swapoff -a

 echo "Disable Swap successfully"

}

sysctl\_config(){

    cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf

    br\_netfilter

EOF

    sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf<<EOF

    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

    net.ipv4.ip\_forward = 1

EOF

    sudo sysctl --system

 echo "reload sysctl successfully"

}

set\_timezone(){

    sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

    sudo systemctl restart rsyslog

}

config\_container(){

    sudo cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

    sudo sed -i 's\ports.ubuntu.com\mirrors.aliyun.com\g' /etc/apt/sources.list

    sudo apt update

    sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl nfs-common

    sudo apt -y install docker.io

    sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF

    {

      "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],

      "registry-mirrors": ["https://cymwrg5y.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],

      "log-driver": "json-file",

      "log-opts": {

        "max-size": "100m"

      },

        "storage-driver": "overlay2"

    }

EOF

 # 这里需要输入 sudo 密码，输入错误，脚本会停止

    sudo systemctl daemon-reload

    sudo systemctl restart docker

}

add\_k8s\_repo(){

 #curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

 #echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

    curl -s https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

    sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list <<-'EOF'

    deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial main

EOF

}

install\_master\_package(){

    sudo apt-get update

    sudo apt-get install -y kubectl=$PACKAGE\_VERSION kubeadm=$PACKAGE\_VERSION kubelet=$PACKAGE\_VERSION

    sudo apt-mark hold kubectl kubeadm kubelet

}

install\_worker\_package(){

    sudo apt-get update

    sudo apt-get install -y kubeadm=$PACKAGE\_VERSION kubelet=$PACKAGE\_VERSION

    sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm kubelet

}

bootstrap(){

    sudo docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers/coredns:1.8.0

    sudo docker tag \

    registry.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers/coredns:1.8.0 \

    registry.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0

    sudo docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers/coredns:1.8.0

    sudo kubeadm config images pull --kubernetes-version v$K8S\_VERSION --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers

 #sudo kubeadm config images pull --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers --kubernetes-version v1.23.1

    sudo kubeadm init \

     --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google\_containers \

     --kubernetes-version $K8S\_VERSION \

     --pod-network-cidr=$POD\_NETWORK \

     --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \

     --apiserver-advertise-address=$MASTER\_IP

 #sudo kubeadm config images pull --kubernetes-verson $K8S\_VERSION

 #sudo kubeadm init \

 # --kubernetes-version $K8S\_VERSION \

 # --pod-network-cidr=$POD\_NETWORK \

 # --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \

 # --apiserver-advertise-address=$MASTER\_IP

}

kubeconfig(){

 #执行脚本使用 bash 或者./,不能使用 sudo 执行，否则会文件会拷贝到 root

    mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

    sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

    sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

 #sudo echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> /root/.bashrc

}

install\_calico(){

    kubectl create -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml

    sudo wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/custom-resources.yaml

    sudo sed -i 's/192.168.0.0/10.244.0.0/g' custom-resources.yaml

 #sudo sed 's/[0-9]\+.[0-9]\+.[0-9]\+.[0-9]\+/$POD\_NETWORD/g' custom-resources.yaml

    kubectl apply -f custom-resources.yaml

}

master(){

    swapoff

    set\_timezone

    sysctl\_config

    config\_container

    add\_k8s\_repo

    install\_master\_package

    bootstrap

    kubeconfig

    install\_calico

}

worker(){

    swapoff

    set\_timezone

    sysctl\_config

    config\_container

    add\_k8s\_repo

    install\_worker\_package

}

#master

worker

9. 优化配置

zsh

sudo apt-get install zsh -y

chsh -s $(which zsh)

wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh

git clone git://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH\_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

git clone git://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH\_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

sudo apt-get install autojump

vim ~/.zshrc

ZSH\_THEME="ys"

plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)

. /usr/share/autojump/autojump.sh

source ~/.zshrc

自动补全

echo 'source <(kubectl completion zsh)' >> ~/.zshrc

echo 'compdef \_\_start\_kubectl k kc' >>~/.zshrc

别名

echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.zshrc

echo 'alias kc="kubectl"' >> ~/.zshrc

echo 'alias ka="kubectl apply -f"' >> ~/.zshrc

echo 'alias kd="kubectl delete -f"' >> ~/.zshrc

10. 配置存储

NFS

RBAC

apiVersion: v1

kind: ServiceAccount

metadata:

 name: nfs-client-provisioner

 # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed

 namespace: kube-system

---

kind: ClusterRole

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

metadata:

 name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner

rules:

  - apiGroups: [""]

 resources: ["persistentvolumes"]

 verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]

  - apiGroups: [""]

 resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]

 verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]

  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]

 resources: ["storageclasses"]

 verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

  - apiGroups: [""]

 resources: ["events"]

 verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]

---

kind: ClusterRoleBinding

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

metadata:

 name: run-nfs-client-provisioner

subjects:

  - kind: ServiceAccount

 name: nfs-client-provisioner

 # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed

 namespace: kube-system

roleRef:

 kind: ClusterRole

 name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner

 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

---

kind: Role

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

metadata:

 name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner

 # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed

 namespace: kube-system

rules:

  - apiGroups: [""]

 resources: ["endpoints"]

 verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]

---

kind: RoleBinding

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

metadata:

 name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner

 # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed

 namespace: kube-system

subjects:

  - kind: ServiceAccount

 name: nfs-client-provisioner

 # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed

 namespace: kube-system

roleRef:

 kind: Role

 name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner

 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Deployment

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

 name: nfs-client-provisioner

 labels:

 app: nfs-client-provisioner

 # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed

 namespace: kube-system

spec:

 replicas: 1

 strategy:

 type: Recreate

 selector:

 matchLabels:

 app: nfs-client-provisioner

 template:

 metadata:

 labels:

 app: nfs-client-provisioner

 spec:

 serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner

 containers:

        - name: nfs-client-provisioner

 image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.2

 volumeMounts:

            - name: nfs-client-root

 mountPath: /persistentvolumes

 env:

            - name: PROVISIONER\_NAME

 value: k8s-sigs.io/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner

            - name: NFS\_SERVER

 value: 192.168.50.147 

            - name: NFS\_PATH

 value: /nfs

 volumes:

        - name: nfs-client-root

 nfs:

 server: 192.168.50.147

 path: /nfs

Class

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1

kind: StorageClass

metadata:

 name: managed-nfs-storage

provisioner: k8s-sigs.io/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner # or choose another name, must match deployment's env PROVISIONER\_NAME'

parameters:

 archiveOnDelete: "false"

检查

指定默认 Storageclass

kubectl patch storageclass managed-nfs-storage -p '{"metadata": {"annotations":{"storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class":"true"}}}'

回收策略

【https://blog.csdn.net/zenglingmin8/article/details/121737953】

11. 远程管理集群

a. 拷贝 master 节点的 kubeconfig 文件到本地用户家目录./kube/config，修改server配置段server: [https://kubernetes.default.svc:6443](https://kubernetes.default.svc:6443)

可以替换的域名： kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

b. 调整 kubeconfig 文件权限

chmod 600 $HOME/.kube/config

c. 调整域名解析

解析 kubernetes.default.svc 的 IP 为集群映射的公网 IP 地址

cat /etc/hosts

X.X.X.X kubernetes.default.svc

12. Kuboard

curl -o kuboard-v3.yaml https://addons.kuboard.cn/kuboard/kuboard-v3-storage-class.yaml

修改 node ip 和 Storageclass name 后执行

kubectl apply -f kuboard-v3.yaml

13. 参考文档

https://k8s.iswbm.com/c01/p01_depoly-kubernetes-cluster-with-kubelet.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/cosmos-wong/p/15709412.html

https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/tasks/tools/included/optional-kubectl-configs-zsh/

https://computingforgeeks.com/deploy-and-use-openebs-container-storage-on-kubernetes/

原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。

如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

kubernetes

原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。

如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

kubernetes

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