简介
Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器,也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器;
作为一款轻量级的Web服务器,具有占有内存少,并发能力强等优势,是高连接并发场景下Apache的不错的替代品;
本篇主要介绍Nginx作为Web服务器时,相对于Apache的性能优势;
下一篇将会介绍Nginx作为方向代理服务器的实现;
重要特点
基础架构
Nginx如何实现高并发:
Nginx与Apache对高并发处理上的区别:
部署配置
安装
yum -y groupinstall “Development tools”yum -y groupinstall “Server Platform Development”yum install gcc openssl-devel pcre-devel zlib-devel
groupadd -r nginx
useradd -r -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M nginxtar xf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.4.7mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx
./configure \ --prefix=/usr \ --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \ --with-pcremake && make install
配置:
vi /etc/init.d/nginx # 配置服务脚本
#!/bin/sh#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginxlockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'` for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2` if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value fi
fi
done}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$? echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$? echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $? echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$? echo}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1}case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2esacchmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx # 复***务脚本执行权限vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # 编辑主配置文件
worker_processes 2;
error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx.error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/nginx.access.log main;
location / {
root /www/lnmmp.com;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /www/lnmmp.com;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /www/lnmmp.com;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}vi /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params # 编辑fastcgi参数文件
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
启动服务:
service nginx configtest # 服务启动前先验证配置文件是否正确
service nginx startps -ef |grep nginx # 检查nginx进程,尤其是worker进程是否与worker_processes值一致
ss -antupl |grep 80 # 检查服务端口是否启动
性能测试
测试说明
测试工具:webbench
测试方法
# 安装wenbench
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/webbench/webbench-1.5.tar.gz
tar xf webbench-1.5.tar.gz
cd webbench-1.5
make && make install
# 测试
webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://172.16.25.112/nginx.html # 测试静态文件访问
webbench -c 20 -t 30 http://172.16.25.112/test_mem.php # 测试动态文件访问
测试数据
分析趋势图
静态文件访问趋势图
动态文件访问趋势图
总结
综合上面测试得出的趋势图可以看出: