这里我们就从AtomicBoolean开始说吧,自己正好也复习一下。对于官方的说明是:
可以用原子方式更新的 boolean 值。有关原子变量属性的描述,请参阅 java.util.concurrent.atomic 包规范。AtomicBoolean 可用在应用程序中(如以原子方式更新的标志),但不能用于替换 Boolean。
换一句话说,Atomic就是原子性的意思,即能够保证在高并发的情况下只有一个线程能够访问这个属性值。(类似我们之前所说的volatile)
一般情况下,我们使用 AtomicBoolean 高效并发处理 “只初始化一次” 的功能要求:
private static AtomicBoolean initialized = new AtomicBoolean(false);
public void init()
{
if( initialized.compareAndSet(false, true) )
{
// 这里放置初始化代码....
}
}
如果没有AtomicBoolean,我们可以使用volatile做如下操作:
public static volatile initialized = false;
public void init()
{
if( initialized == false ){
initialized = true;
// 这里初始化代码....
}
}
既然如此神奇,那么我们看看AtomicBoolean的源码时如何实现的,查看源码如下:
public class AtomicBoolean implements java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4654671469794556979L;
// setup to use Unsafe.compareAndSwapInt for updates
private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
private static final long valueOffset;
static {
try {
valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
(AtomicBoolean.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
} catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
}
private volatile int value;
/**
* Creates a new {@code AtomicBoolean} with the given initial value.
*
* @param initialValue the initial value
*/
public AtomicBoolean(boolean initialValue) {
value = initialValue ? 1 : 0;
}
/**
* Creates a new {@code AtomicBoolean} with initial value {@code false}.
*/
public AtomicBoolean() {
}
/**
* Returns the current value.
*
* @return the current value
*/
public final boolean get() {
return value != 0;
}
/**
* Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
* if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
*
* @param expect the expected value
* @param update the new value
* @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that
* the actual value was not equal to the expected value.
*/
public final boolean compareAndSet(boolean expect, boolean update) {
int e = expect ? 1 : 0;
int u = update ? 1 : 0;
return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, e, u);
}
/**
* Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
* if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
*
* <p><a href="package-summary.html#weakCompareAndSet">May fail
* spuriously and does not provide ordering guarantees</a>, so is
* only rarely an appropriate alternative to {@code compareAndSet}.
*
* @param expect the expected value
* @param update the new value
* @return {@code true} if successful
*/
public boolean weakCompareAndSet(boolean expect, boolean update) {
int e = expect ? 1 : 0;
int u = update ? 1 : 0;
return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, e, u);
}
/**
* Unconditionally sets to the given value.
*
* @param newValue the new value
*/
public final void set(boolean newValue) {
value = newValue ? 1 : 0;
}
/**
* Eventually sets to the given value.
*
* @param newValue the new value
* @since 1.6
*/
public final void lazySet(boolean newValue) {
int v = newValue ? 1 : 0;
unsafe.putOrderedInt(this, valueOffset, v);
}
/**
* Atomically sets to the given value and returns the previous value.
*
* @param newValue the new value
* @return the previous value
*/
public final boolean getAndSet(boolean newValue) {
boolean prev;
do {
prev = get();
} while (!compareAndSet(prev, newValue));
return prev;
}
/**
* Returns the String representation of the current value.
* @return the String representation of the current value
*/
public String toString() {
return Boolean.toString(get());
}
}
你猜的没错,AtomicBoolean就是使用了Volatile属性来完成的。
Java6以后出现的很多的原子行的类,除了上述我们所说的AtomicBoolean以外,AtomicBoolean家族还是比较强大的,后面我们有时间在一一介绍。包括:
基本类: AtomicInteger、AtomicLong、AtomicBoolean; 引用类型: AtomicReference、AtomicReference的ABA实例、AtomicStampedRerence、AtomicMarkableReference; 数组类型: AtomicIntegerArray、AtomicLongArray、AtomicReferenceArray 属性原子修改器(Updater): AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater、AtomicLongFieldUpdater、AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater