ElasticSearch 6.x 学习笔记：7.文档

程裕强

发布于 2022-05-06 19:09:01

4560

发布于 2022-05-06 19:09:01

7.1 新建文档

index/type/id

（1）一般格式

PUT blog/csdn/1
{
  "id":1,
  "title":"Elasticsearch简介",
  "author":"chengyuqiang",
  "content":"Elasticsearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索引擎"
}

{
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 2,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}

名称	参数	说明
blog	_index	索引名
csdn	_type	类型名
1	_id	文档ID
1	_version	版本号

继续添加一条数据

POST blog/csdn/2
{
  "id":2,
  "title":"Git简介",
  "author":"chengyuqiang",
  "content":"Git是一个版本控制软件"
}

{
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "2",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 2,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}

（2）未指定文档ID

POST blog/csdn
{
  "id":3,
  "title":"Java编程",
  "author":"chengyuqiang",
  "content":"Java面向对象程序设计"
}

{
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "wkv472AB5R2olyYk97rN",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 0,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

7.2 获取文档

GET blog/csdn/1

{
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "id": 1,
    "title": "Elasticsearch简介",
    "author": "chengyuqiang",
    "content": "Elasticsearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索引擎"
  }
}

GET blog/csdn/100

{
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "100",
  "found": false
}

HEAD blog/csdn/1

200 - OK

HEAD blog/csdn/100

404 - Not Found

GET blog/csdn/_mget
{
   "ids":["1","2"]
}

{
  "docs": [
    {
      "_index": "blog",
      "_type": "csdn",
      "_id": "1",
      "_version": 1,
      "found": true,
      "_source": {
        "id": 1,
        "title": "Elasticsearch简介",
        "author": "chengyuqiang",
        "content": "Elasticsearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索引擎"
      }
    },
    {
      "_index": "blog",
      "_type": "csdn",
      "_id": "2",
      "_version": 1,
      "found": true,
      "_source": {
        "id": 2,
        "title": "Git简介",
        "author": "chengyuqiang",
        "content": "Git是一个版本控制软件"
      }
    }
  ]
}

7.3 文档搜索

这里介绍一下简单的文档检索操作，后面章节会详细介绍。 （1）检索全部文档

GET blog/_search

{
  "took": 5,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "blog",
        "_type": "csdn",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "id": 2,
          "title": "Git简介",
          "author": "chengyuqiang",
          "content": "Git是一个版本控制软件"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "blog",
        "_type": "csdn",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "id": 1,
          "title": "Elasticsearch简介",
          "author": "chengyuqiang",
          "content": "Elasticsearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索引擎"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "blog",
        "_type": "csdn",
        "_id": "wkv472AB5R2olyYk97rN",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "id": 3,
          "title": "Java编程",
          "author": "chengyuqiang",
          "content": "Java面向对象程序设计"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

（2）term查询 term查询用于查找指定字段中包含指定分词的文件，只有当查询分词和文档中的分词精确匹配时才被检索到。

GET blog/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "title": "程"
    }
  }
}

由于未使用IK中文分词，每个汉字被看做独立的一个词。

{
  "took": 3,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "blog",
        "_type": "csdn",
        "_id": "wkv472AB5R2olyYk97rN",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "id": 3,
          "title": "Java编程",
          "author": "chengyuqiang",
          "content": "Java面向对象程序设计"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

当查询”程序”时，title字段中找不到这样的分词，默认汉字被分为单字词。

GET blog/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "title": "程序"
    }
  }
}

{
  "took": 5,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 0,
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": []
  }
}

（3）terms查询 查询文档汇总包含多个词的文档

GET blog/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "title": ["java","git"]
    }
  }
}

注意，经过分词后英文单词变成了小写，比如”Java”词项变成了”java”

{
  "took": 17,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "blog",
        "_type": "csdn",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "id": 2,
          "title": "Git简介",
          "author": "chengyuqiang",
          "content": "Git是一个版本控制软件"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "blog",
        "_type": "csdn",
        "_id": "wkv472AB5R2olyYk97rN",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "id": 3,
          "title": "Java编程",
          "author": "chengyuqiang",
          "content": "Java面向对象程序设计"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

（4）match查询 与term精确查询不同，对于match查询，只要被查询字段中存在任何一个词项被匹配，就会搜索到该文档。

GET blog/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "程序"
      }
    }
  }
}

{
  "took": 37,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "blog",
        "_type": "csdn",
        "_id": "wkv472AB5R2olyYk97rN",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "id": 3,
          "title": "Java编程",
          "author": "chengyuqiang",
          "content": "Java面向对象程序设计"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

7.4 更新文档

（1）更新数据文档在Elasticsearch中是不可变的，不能修改。如果我们需要修改文档，Elasticsearch实际上重建新文档替换掉旧文档。

POST blog/csdn/2
{
  "id":2,
  "title":"Git简介",
  "author":"hadron",
  "content":"Git是一个分布式版本控制软件"
}

执行结果

{
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "2",
  "_version": 2,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 2,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": false
}

注意：

版本加1。
created标识为 false，因为同索引同类型下已经存在同ID的文档。
在ES内部，_version为1的文件已经被标记“删除”，并添加了一个完整的新文档。旧文档不会立即消失，但是不能再访问它。

查询

GET blog/csdn/2

{
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "2",
  "_version": 2,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "id": 2,
    "title": "Git简介",
    "author": "hadron",
    "content": "Git是一个分布式版本控制软件"
  }
}

（2）更新字段

POST blog/csdn/2/_update
{
  "script": {
    "source": "ctx._source.content=\"Git是一个开源的分布式版本控制软件\""  
  } 
}

{
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "2",
  "_version": 3,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 7,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

查看更新后的文档

GET blog/csdn/2

{
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "2",
  "_version": 3,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "id": 2,
    "title": "Git简介",
    "author": "hadron",
    "content": "Git是一个开源的分布式版本控制软件"
  }
}

（3）添加新字段

POST blog/csdn/1/_update
{
  "script": "ctx._source.posttime=\"2018-01-09\""
}

{
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 2,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 2,
    "failed": 0
  }
}

查询更新后的文档

GET blog/csdn/1

{
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 2,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "id": 1,
    "title": "Elasticsearch简介",
    "author": "chengyuqiang",
    "content": "Elasticsearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索引擎",
    "posttime": "2018-01-09"
  }
}

发现版本参数_version已经加1。

（2）查询更新

POST blog/_update_by_query
{
  "script": {
    "source": "ctx._source.category=params.category",
    "lang":"painless",
    "params":{"category":"git"}
  },
  "query":{
    "term": {"title":"git"}
  }
}

{
  "took": 72,
  "timed_out": false,
  "total": 2,
  "updated": 2,
  "deleted": 0,
  "batches": 1,
  "version_conflicts": 0,
  "noops": 0,
  "retries": {
    "bulk": 0,
    "search": 0
  },
  "throttled_millis": 0,
  "requests_per_second": -1,
  "throttled_until_millis": 0,
  "failures": []
}

7.5 删除文档

DELETE blog/csdn/1

{
  "found": true,
  "_index": "blog",
  "_type": "csdn",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 4,
  "result": "deleted",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 2,
    "failed": 0
  }
}

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原始发表：2018-01-09，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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