写程序是一个循序渐进的过程,一开始都是加加减减,修修补补,这和我们做企业做创新的原理都是一样的,没有一蹴而就的成功,最近看了周鸿祎的《我的互联网方法论》蛮有启发,分享给大家几句摘抄: 1.所有的颠覆式创新都不是敲锣打鼓来的,而是隐藏在一片噪声里。
2.颠覆式创新,就像自然界的新陈代谢一样,不断把老的、旧的公司从行业中挤出去。所以,这种颠覆式创新已经成为美国硅谷的一个象征。破坏和颠覆,都是强调打破原有的平衡,建立新秩序。但这两个词在中文里都是贬义词,因为中国文化崇尚平衡、稳定、和谐。一说颠覆式创新,我们的潜意识就会觉得是反动的东西,就不由自主地想到阶级敌人搞破坏。我有些时候受邀给一些单位讲互联网里的颠覆式创新。讲完后,有的领导就过来跟我握手说:小周,讲得挺好的嘛,只不过以后不要讲颠覆、讲破坏,影响社会和谐。
3.我不赞成企业大张旗鼓地搞创新,非要巨额投入资金,非要设立创新研究院,非要做一个整套的创新战略。我觉得休克式疗法的创新很难成功,我主张把创新从神坛上拉下来,从一些细微点上进行持续创新,这样反而更有效。
4.乔布斯有一天给谷歌高管打电话,说苹果iOS有一个谷歌地图图标,放大多少倍之后,第三行一个像素颜色不对,他认为这影响了iOS的美观。这就是对细节的一种坚持。
下面我们来看一个贪吃蛇的实现代码: 主要有两个大的步骤: 1.界面的绘制
2.蛇的绘制
主要代码:
// Snake.cpp : 定义应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Snake.h"
#include <vector>
#include<time.h>
#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
//定义游戏区 和 控制区大小
#define BOUND_SIZE 10
#define SNACK_SIZE 10
#define GAME_WIDTH 80
#define GAME_HEIGHT 60
#define INFO_WIDTH 30
#define INFO_HEIGHT GAME_HEIGHT
#define MAX_NODE 80 //蛇的最大长度 80 节
#define MY_TIMER 1 //定时器ID
#define DEFAULT_INTERVAL 200 //定义贪食蛇的默认移动速度 500毫秒移动一节
#define PAUSE_ID 1
std::vector<POINT> vSnake;
UCHAR g_ucSnakeLen = 4;
UCHAR g_ucSnakeHead = 4; //vSnack[g_ucSnakeHead-1] 表示蛇头的坐标
UCHAR g_ucSnakeTail = 0; //vSnack[g_ucSnakeTail] 表示蛇尾的坐标
UINT32 g_uiInterval = DEFAULT_INTERVAL; //移动速度
POINT g_ptDirect = {1, 0}; //移动方向,每次x+1, y不变
POINT g_ptFoodPos;
BOOL g_bState = TRUE; //游戏是否结束
BOOL g_bNeedFood = TRUE; //是否要投放食物
BOOL g_bPause = FALSE; //暂停
// 全局变量:
HINSTANCE hInst; // 当前实例
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // 标题栏文本
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // 主窗口类名
// 此代码模块中包含的函数的前向声明:
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int APIENTRY _tWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
_In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
_In_ LPTSTR lpCmdLine,
_In_ int nCmdShow)
{
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);
// TODO: 在此放置代码。
MSG msg;
HACCEL hAccelTable;
// 初始化全局字符串
LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
LoadString(hInstance, IDC_SNAKE, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
MyRegisterClass(hInstance);
// 执行应用程序初始化:
if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
{
return FALSE;
}
hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_SNAKE));
// 主消息循环:
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
return (int) msg.wParam;
}
//
// 函数: MyRegisterClass()
//
// 目的: 注册窗口类。
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SNAKE));
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
wcex.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_SNAKE);
wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass;
wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));
return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
}
//
// 函数: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
// 目的: 保存实例句柄并创建主窗口
//
// 注释:
//
// 在此函数中,我们在全局变量中保存实例句柄并
// 创建和显示主程序窗口。
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
hInst = hInstance; // 将实例句柄存储在全局变量中
hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX,
CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
if (!hWnd)
{
return FALSE;
}
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
return TRUE;
}
VOID InitSnack() //初始化蛇,设定蛇的起始位置
{
int i;
vSnake.clear();
vSnake.resize(MAX_NODE);
g_ucSnakeTail = 0;
g_ucSnakeHead = 4;
g_ucSnakeLen = 4;
g_uiInterval = DEFAULT_INTERVAL;
for (i = 0; i < g_ucSnakeLen; i++)
{
//初始化蛇的各个节点
vSnake[i].x = i;
vSnake[i].y = 1;
}
}
POINT &GetSnakeNode(int index) //获取蛇节点位置:倒数第几个节点
{
int i = g_ucSnakeTail + index;
if (i >= MAX_NODE)
{
i -= MAX_NODE;
}
return vSnake[i];
}
VOID DrawSnake(HDC hdc)
{
int i;
POINT ptNode;
HBRUSH hBrush = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
for (i = 0; i < g_ucSnakeLen; i++)
{
//从蛇尾开始画
ptNode = GetSnakeNode(i);
Rectangle(hdc, ptNode.x * SNACK_SIZE + BOUND_SIZE,
ptNode.y * SNACK_SIZE + BOUND_SIZE,
(ptNode.x + 1) * SNACK_SIZE + BOUND_SIZE,
(ptNode.y + 1) * SNACK_SIZE + BOUND_SIZE);
}
}
//移动蛇坐标
VOID RefreshSnake()
{
//采用翻滚的形式 比如,vSnake[0], vSnake[1],vSnake[2] vSnake[3] 表示蛇的话
//移动一节后,vSnake[1],vSnake[2] vSnake[3] vSnake[4] 表示蛇
//vSnake[MAX_NODE -1 ] 后,蛇头存入 vSnake[0]
POINT ptNewHead; //新的蛇头位置
POINT ptNode;
int i;
ptNewHead.x = GetSnakeNode(g_ucSnakeLen - 1).x + g_ptDirect.x;
ptNewHead.y = GetSnakeNode(g_ucSnakeLen - 1).y + g_ptDirect.y;
if (!g_bNeedFood && ptNewHead.x == g_ptFoodPos.x && ptNewHead.y == g_ptFoodPos.y)
{
//吃到食物了
vSnake[g_ucSnakeHead] = ptNewHead;
g_ucSnakeHead++;
if (g_ucSnakeHead == MAX_NODE) g_ucSnakeHead = 0;
g_ucSnakeLen++;
if (g_ucSnakeLen == MAX_NODE)
{
//赢了,事实上,我们不应该等到这个时候才判断赢了
g_bState = FALSE;
return;
}
g_bNeedFood = TRUE;
return;
}
if (ptNewHead.x < 0 || ptNewHead.x >= GAME_WIDTH || ptNewHead.y < 0 || ptNewHead.y >= GAME_HEIGHT)
{
//蛇撞墙了
g_bState = FALSE;
return;
}
for (i = 1; i < g_ucSnakeLen; i++)
{
ptNode = GetSnakeNode(i);
if (ptNode.x == ptNewHead.x && ptNode.y == ptNewHead.y)
{
//蛇撞到自己了
g_bState = FALSE;
return;
}
}
vSnake[g_ucSnakeHead].x = ptNewHead.x;
vSnake[g_ucSnakeHead].y = ptNewHead.y;//新的蛇头
g_ucSnakeHead++;
if (g_ucSnakeHead == MAX_NODE) g_ucSnakeHead = 0;
g_ucSnakeTail++;
if (g_ucSnakeTail == MAX_NODE) g_ucSnakeTail = 0;
return;
}
VOID DrawFood(HDC hdc)
{
int x, y;
POINT ptNode;
int i;
HBRUSH hBrush = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
if (!g_bNeedFood)
{
SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
Ellipse(hdc, BOUND_SIZE + g_ptFoodPos.x * SNACK_SIZE,
BOUND_SIZE + g_ptFoodPos.y * SNACK_SIZE,
BOUND_SIZE + (g_ptFoodPos.x + 1) * SNACK_SIZE,
BOUND_SIZE + (g_ptFoodPos.y + 1) * SNACK_SIZE);
return;
}
srand(time(0)); //随机数种子
//获取随机坐标,不能是蛇的位置
while (1)
{
x = rand() % GAME_WIDTH;
y = rand() % GAME_HEIGHT;
for (i = 0; i < g_ucSnakeLen; i++)
{
ptNode = GetSnakeNode(i);
if (ptNode.x == x && ptNode.y == y)
{
break;
}
}
if (i == g_ucSnakeLen) //一直没有break,表示不重复
{
break;
}
}
g_bNeedFood = FALSE;
g_ptFoodPos.x = x;
g_ptFoodPos.y = y;
SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
Ellipse(hdc, BOUND_SIZE + x * SNACK_SIZE, BOUND_SIZE + y * SNACK_SIZE,
BOUND_SIZE + (x + 1) * SNACK_SIZE, BOUND_SIZE + (y + 1) * SNACK_SIZE);
return;
}
//
// 函数: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
// 目的: 处理主窗口的消息。
//
// WM_COMMAND - 处理应用程序菜单
// WM_PAINT - 绘制主窗口
// WM_DESTROY - 发送退出消息并返回
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
int wmId, wmEvent;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
RECT rect;
int i;
int nWinX, nWinY, nClientX, nClientY;
HBRUSH hBrush;
static HWND hPause;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE: //创建窗口时候执行的代码
GetWindowRect(hWnd, &rect); //获取窗口大小
nWinX = rect.right - rect.left;
nWinY = rect.bottom - rect.top;
GetClientRect(hWnd, &rect); //客户区大小
nClientX = rect.right - rect.left;
nClientY = rect.bottom - rect.top;
//修改窗口大小 客户区大小 + 边框大小 (nWinX-nClientX)
MoveWindow(hWnd, 0, 0,
(GAME_WIDTH + INFO_WIDTH)*SNACK_SIZE + BOUND_SIZE * 3 + (nWinX - nClientX),
GAME_HEIGHT*SNACK_SIZE + BOUND_SIZE * 2 + (nWinY - nClientY), TRUE);
hPause = CreateWindow(TEXT("Button"), TEXT("暂停"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
3 * BOUND_SIZE + GAME_WIDTH * SNACK_SIZE, 200, 200, 100,
hWnd, (HMENU)PAUSE_ID, hInst, NULL
);
InitSnack();
SetTimer(hWnd, MY_TIMER, g_uiInterval,NULL); //起一个定时器
break;
case WM_TIMER: //定时器到点
//移动蛇
RefreshSnake();
if (!g_bState)
{
KillTimer(hWnd, MY_TIMER); //停止计时器
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("你输了"), TEXT("FAIL"), MB_OK);
//InitSnack();
return 0;
}
InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, TRUE);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
// 分析菜单选择:
switch (wmId)
{
case PAUSE_ID:
if (g_bPause)
{
g_bPause = FALSE;
SetWindowText(hPause, TEXT("暂停"));
SetTimer(hWnd, MY_TIMER, g_uiInterval, NULL);
}
else
{
g_bPause = TRUE;
SetWindowText(hPause, TEXT("继续"));
KillTimer(hWnd, MY_TIMER);
}
break;
case IDM_ABOUT:
DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
break;
case IDM_EXIT:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
// TODO: 在此添加任意绘图代码...
hBrush = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH);
SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
Rectangle(hdc, BOUND_SIZE, BOUND_SIZE,
BOUND_SIZE + GAME_WIDTH*SNACK_SIZE,
BOUND_SIZE + GAME_HEIGHT*SNACK_SIZE);
Rectangle(hdc, BOUND_SIZE * 2 + GAME_WIDTH*SNACK_SIZE , BOUND_SIZE,
BOUND_SIZE*2 + (GAME_WIDTH + INFO_WIDTH)*SNACK_SIZE,
BOUND_SIZE + INFO_HEIGHT*SNACK_SIZE);
DrawSnake(hdc);
DrawFood(hdc);
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
break;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
if (!g_bState || g_bPause)
{
break;
}
switch (wParam)
{
case VK_UP: //调节方向:注意点,原来是往上或者往下的话,不做操作
if (g_ptDirect.x != 0)
{
g_ptDirect.x = 0;
g_ptDirect.y = -1;
}
break;
case VK_DOWN:
if (g_ptDirect.x != 0)
{
g_ptDirect.x = 0;
g_ptDirect.y = 1;
}
break;
case VK_LEFT:
if (g_ptDirect.y != 0)
{
g_ptDirect.x = -1;
g_ptDirect.y = 0;
}
break;
case VK_RIGHT:
if (g_ptDirect.y != 0)
{
g_ptDirect.x = 1;
g_ptDirect.y = 0;
}
break;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
KillTimer(hWnd, MY_TIMER);
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
// “关于”框的消息处理程序。
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG:
return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
case WM_COMMAND:
if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
{
EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
}
break;
}
return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}