在日常使用中,我们可能经常有一些需求会用到
Selenium
这个Python
库 经过一番探索,算是找到了一种解决方案(百度看的几篇文章好像报错….)
先看效果图:
示例地址:
上面的地址如果运行正常的话,就说明本篇教程的内容还适用~
话不多说,开始教程
那么我们想要在云端运行的话,首先这个代码要可以在本地运行。
这里提供一段示例的代码。这份代码的操作是打开网易云的 MV
界面
然后去获取到当前 MV
的真实地址,接着把返回值传递到 Redis
上面
# coding:utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
import redis
from lxml import etree
from urllib.parse import unquote
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import os
env_dist = os.environ
PASSWORD = env_dist.get('PASSWORD')
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
r = redis.Redis(
host='apn1-destined-giraffe-32369.upstash.io',
port=32369,
password=PASSWORD, ssl=True)
def get_video_url(_id):
browser = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/bin/chromedriver', options=chrome_options)
browser.get("https://music.163.com/#/mv?id={0}".format(_id))
browser.switch_to.frame("contentFrame")
source = browser.page_source
html = etree.HTML(source)
video_all = html.xpath('//*[@id="flash_box"]/@data-flashvars')
print("获取到的数据为: ", video_all)
print('-' * 100)
try:
video_all = video_all[0].split('&')[0].split('=')[1]
except IndexError:
video_all = ''
_video_url = unquote(video_all).replace('http://', 'https://')
browser.quit()
return _video_url
def post_mv_2_redis(_video_id, _video_url):
print('正在将获取到的视频地址放入 Redis 中: ', end=' ')
print(r.set(_video_id, _video_url, ex=9000))
return_url = r.get(_video_id)
return return_url
if __name__ == '__main__':
video_list = ['14401004', '14351340']
# video_url = r.get('163_mv_' + video_id)
# if not video_url:
for video_id in video_list:
video_url = get_video_url(video_id)
print("正在获取 ID: {} 所对应链接: ".format(video_id), video_url)
post_mv_2_redis('163_mv_' + video_id, video_url)
print('-' * 100)
print('执行完毕!')
可以看到,这篇文章里面用到了环境变量,因为我们总不能将自己的密码暴露在 互联网
上吧 👀
我们在本地的话,设置环境变量可以看这个视频 ( Windows
)
在本地配置好了之后,我们就可以上云了(上面的 Redis
是一个缓存功能,测试的话不用也行)
Github Action
的 环境变量
在这里配置
我们在这里设置了环境变量之后,就可以在 Aciton
中这样读取环境变量
import os
env_dist = os.environ
PASSWORD = env_dist.get('PASSWORD')
Selenium
的问题就好啦想要运行 Action
的话,入口在这里
点击之后,我们可以看到一个 yml
后缀的文件,这个文件负责控制 Action
的工作流程
我这里先提供一个完整的工作流程供大家参考
name: Github 163 mv 2h
# Controls when the action will run.
on:
# Triggers the workflow on push or pull request events but only for the main branch
push:
branches: [ main ]
pull_request:
branches: [ main ]
# Allows you to run this workflow manually from the Actions tab
workflow_dispatch:
schedule:
# 定时任务,每隔 1 小时执行
- cron: '36 * * * *'
# A workflow run is made up of one or more jobs that can run sequentially or in parallel
jobs:
# This workflow contains a single job called "build"
Build:
# The type of runner that the job will run on
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Steps represent a sequence of tasks that will be executed as part of the job
steps:
# Checks-out your repository under $GITHUB_WORKSPACE, so your job can access it
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v2
# Runs a single command using the runners shell
- name: 'Set up Python'
uses: actions/setup-python@v1
with:
python-version: 3.7
- name: 'Install requirements'
run: |
pip install -r ./requirements.txt
npm install crypto-js
- name: Install ChromeDriver
run: |
CHROME_VERSION=$(google-chrome --version | cut -f 3 -d ' ' | cut -d '.' -f 1) \
&& CHROMEDRIVER_RELEASE=$(curl --location --fail --retry 3 http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE_${CHROME_VERSION}) \
&& curl --silent --show-error --location --fail --retry 3 --output /tmp/chromedriver_linux64.zip "http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/$CHROMEDRIVER_RELEASE/chromedriver_linux64.zip" \
&& cd /tmp \
&& unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip \
&& rm -rf chromedriver_linux64.zip \
&& sudo mv chromedriver /usr/local/bin/chromedriver \
&& sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/chromedriver \
&& chromedriver --version
- name: 'Working 163 MV JavaScript Reverse' # 把这个放在前面 是因为后面的那个代码 可能会报错
env:
PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
run: python ./api/get_163_mv_vercel/get-new-url/main_local.py
- name: 'Working 163 MV Crawler'
env:
PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
run: python ./api/get_163_mv/Action-fresh.py
可以看到里面的东西也不是很多,具体的教程可以查看大佬这几篇教程。
我们主要需要的部分有这几部分
schedule:
# - cron: '36 * * * *'
jobs:
Build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: 'Set up Python'
with:
python-version: 3.7
- name: Install ChromeDriver
env:
PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
run:
python ./api/get_163_mv/Action-fresh.py
这几部分也比较容易理解,就是分别告诉 Github
前期要准备什么
比较有含金量的是这个代码:
- name: Install ChromeDriver
run: |
CHROME_VERSION=$(google-chrome --version | cut -f 3 -d ' ' | cut -d '.' -f 1) \
&& CHROMEDRIVER_RELEASE=$(curl --location --fail --retry 3 http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE_${CHROME_VERSION}) \
&& curl --silent --show-error --location --fail --retry 3 --output /tmp/chromedriver_linux64.zip "http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/$CHROMEDRIVER_RELEASE/chromedriver_linux64.zip" \
&& cd /tmp \
&& unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip \
&& rm -rf chromedriver_linux64.zip \
&& sudo mv chromedriver /usr/local/bin/chromedriver \
&& sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/chromedriver \
&& chromedriver --version
ChromeDriver
,这部分代码是我偶然从这个仓库翻到的虽然里面的 Action 已经久置且很久没人维护了,但是里面的思路很好,省去了自己配置 ChromeDriver
的时间。
配置完这个,再来讲一下这个定时任务
Github Action
的 定时任务使用到的是一个叫做 Cron
的表达式
但是我不解的是,似乎各个平台都有自己独特的一套标准…
好在 Github
有自动提示功能,当你输入之后,会有浮窗告诉你下次运行是什么时间
这个的意思是 在每小时的 :02
运行,而不是每两分钟运行(下图才是每两分钟运行一次 👀)
上面提供的代码块可以当做一个模板用。我感觉很好用….
这里再贴一下那个仓库的源码,供大家参考:
name: 'GitHub Actions SCUT SIGN IN'
on:
watch:
types: started
push:
schedule:
# - cron: '0 21 * * *'
jobs:
bot:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: 'Checkout codes'
uses: actions/checkout@v1
- name: 'Set up Python'
uses: actions/setup-python@v1
with:
python-version: '3.7'
- name: 'Install requirements'
run: |
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip install -r requirements.txt
- name: Install ChromeDriver
run: |
CHROME_VERSION=$(google-chrome --version | cut -f 3 -d ' ' | cut -d '.' -f 1) \
&& CHROMEDRIVER_RELEASE=$(curl --location --fail --retry 3 http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE_${CHROME_VERSION}) \
&& curl --silent --show-error --location --fail --retry 3 --output /tmp/chromedriver_linux64.zip "http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/$CHROMEDRIVER_RELEASE/chromedriver_linux64.zip" \
&& cd /tmp \
&& unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip \
&& rm -rf chromedriver_linux64.zip \
&& sudo mv chromedriver /usr/local/bin/chromedriver \
&& sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/chromedriver \
&& chromedriver --version
- name: 'Get Date'
run: echo "::set-env name=REPORT_DATE::$(TZ=':Asia/Shenzhen' date '+%Y-%m-%d %T')"
- name: 'AutoClick'
env:
SCUT_USER: ${{ secrets.SCUT_USER }}
SCUT_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.SCUT_PASSWORD }}
N3RO_USER: ${{ secrets.N3RO_USER }}
N3RO_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.N3RO_PASSWORD }}
JIKESS_USER: ${{ secrets.JIKESS_USER }}
JIKESS_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.JIKESS_PASSWORD }}
JIKESS_USER2: ${{ secrets.JIKESS_USER2 }}
JIKESS_PASSWORD2: ${{ secrets.JIKESS_PASSWORD2 }}
run: python autoclick.py
- name: 'Send mail'
uses: dawidd6/action-send-mail@master
with:
server_address: smtp.163.com
server_port: 465
username: ${{ secrets.MAIL_USERNAME }}
password: ${{ secrets.MAIL_PASSWORD }}
subject: 自动签到脚本 (${{env.REPORT_DATE}})
body: file://email.txt
to: 2280674798@qq.com
from: My Robot
content_type: text/html
这里还需要注意的是,经过上述步骤之后 Github Action
已经安装了 ChromeDriver
,但是我们在 Python
脚本中要这样写
from selenium import webdriver
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
browser = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/bin/chromedriver', options=chrome_options)
按照以上步骤配置完成之后,应该是可以正常运行的。
需要注意的是 Github
的定时功能可能存在 20
分钟左右的延迟,不大适合需求高精度时间的项目
但是每次上传代码的时候,都会触发 Github Action
或许可以在本地写定时任务,自动提交代码,从而触发 Action
执行?
没尝试过,理论上来说应该可以…..
Python
最小化实践案例来结束本文。./test.py
# coding:utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import os
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
chromedriver = "/usr/bin/chromedriver"
os.environ["webdriver.chrome.driver"] = chromedriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options,executable_path=chromedriver)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
print(driver.title)
driver.quit()
./requirements.txt
requests==2.23.0
lxml==4.5.1
selenium==3.141.0
/.github/workflows/main.yml
name: selenium
# Controls when the action will run.
on:
# Triggers the workflow on push or pull request events but only for the main branch
push:
branches: [ main ]
pull_request:
branches: [ main ]
# Allows you to run this workflow manually from the Actions tab
workflow_dispatch:
# A workflow run is made up of one or more jobs that can run sequentially or in parallel
jobs:
# This workflow contains a single job called "build"
build:
# The type of runner that the job will run on
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
# Steps represent a sequence of tasks that will be executed as part of the job
steps:
# Checks-out your repository under $GITHUB_WORKSPACE, so your job can access it
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v2
# Runs a single command using the runners shell
- name: 'Set up Python'
uses: actions/setup-python@v1
with:
python-version: 3.7
- name: Install ChromeDriver
run: |
CHROME_VERSION=$(google-chrome --version | cut -f 3 -d ' ' | cut -d '.' -f 1) \
&& CHROMEDRIVER_RELEASE=$(curl --location --fail --retry 3 http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE_${CHROME_VERSION}) \
&& curl --silent --show-error --location --fail --retry 3 --output /tmp/chromedriver_linux64.zip "http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/$CHROMEDRIVER_RELEASE/chromedriver_linux64.zip" \
&& cd /tmp \
&& unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip \
&& rm -rf chromedriver_linux64.zip \
&& sudo mv chromedriver /usr/local/bin/chromedriver \
&& sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/chromedriver \
&& chromedriver --version
- name: 'Install requirements'
run: pip install -r ./requirements.txt
- name: 'Working'
run: |
python ./test.py
测试成功