Ansible-playbook 基本语法与实例(学习笔记十九)

1、安装apache，做初始配置，并启动服务：

这个是你选择的主机

• hosts: webservers

这个是变量

vars:

http_port: 80

max_clients: 200

远端的执行权限

remote_user: root

tasks:

利用yum模块来操作

• name: ensure apache is at the latest version yum: pkg=httpd state=latest
• name: write the apache config file template: src=/srv/httpd.j2 dest=/etc/httpd.conf

触发重启服务器

notify:

- restart apache

• name: ensure apache is running service: name=httpd state=started

这里的restart apache 和上面的触发是配对的。这就是handlers的作用。相当于tag

handlers:

- name: restart apache

  service: name=httpd state=restarted

2、可以同时使用10个进程进行，调用格式为： ansible-playbook test.yml -f 10

3、对于没有把握执行的任务，需要加上 ignore_errors: True，这样即使出错，下一个任务也会继续执行

4、ansible-playbook可以根据上一个任务的执行结果，来判断执行下一个任务，系统参数为when: tasks:

• shell: /usr/bin/foo register: foo_result ignore_errors: True
• name: "cmd" action: command touch /root/kkkkk when: foo_result.rc == 127

5、根据操作系统类型，执行不同安装：

• hosts: all remote_user: root gather_facts:True tasks:
• name: install apache on CentOS yum: name=httpd state=present when: ansible_os_family =="CentOS"
• name: install apache on Debian yum: name=apache2 state=present when: ansible_os_family =="Debian"

6、notify和handlers来执行触发，handlers可多次调用：

• name: template configuration file template: src=template.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf notify:
  • restart memcached
  • restart apache handlers:
  • name: restart memcached service: name=memcached state=restarted
  • name: restart apache service: name=apache state=restarted

7、执行多个变量，每个变量为一次任务： tasks:

• name: panduan command: echo {{ item }} with_items: [ 0,2,4,6,8,10 ]

8、特定任务用特定用户执行：

• hosts: webnodes remote_user: mageedu tasks:
  • name: test connection ping: remote_user: mageedu sudo: yes

9、捕获执行中的错误，并进行补救： tasks:

• block:
  • name: Create {{ maildir_path }} copy: src: "{{ maildir }}" dest: "{{ maildir_path }}" mode: 0755 register: command_output rescue:
  • name: Install mail packages yum: name: "{{ item }}" state: latest with_items:
    • "{{ mail_package }}"
    • dovecot always:
  • name: start the mail service service: name: "{{ mail_service }}" state: restarted

10、对任务做tag标记，可以只执行某个tag，执行语法为：ansible-playbook -t TAGS_NAME playbook.yaml

• hosts: all #所有远程主机 remote_user: root #以远程主机上root用户执行 tasks: #任务
  • name: install redis #任务之安装 yum: name=redis state=latest #动作调用yum模块安装
  • name: copy config file #任务之复制同步配置文件到远程目标主机 copy: src=/root/playbooks/redis.conf dest=/etc/redis.conf owner=redis #动作copy模块执行 notify: restart redis #触发的动作 tags: configfile #任务标记名configfile

11、从外部传入变量，ansible-playbook的格式为：ansible-playbook tomcat-install.yml --extra-vars "{'host':'192.168.11.111', 'tomcat_home':'/opt/tomcat-test', 'url':'http://www.apache.com/tomcat-7.0.57.tar.gz'}"

• name: Tomcat install and configuration hosts: "{{ host }}" user: root

vars:

tomcat_home: "{{ tomcat_home }}" 

tasks:

- name: absent old tomcat

  file: path={{ item }} state=absent

  with_items:

    - "{{ tomcat_home }}"

    - /geelyapp/auto_scripts/tomcat.sh

- name: get tomcat_tar_gz

  get_url: url={{ url }} dest=/tmp/tomcat.tar.gz

- name: Create the dir

  file: path={{ item }} state=directory

  with_items:

    - /geelyapp/gc_log

    - /geelyapp/auto_scripts

    - "{{ tomcat_home }}"