Vector同时返回排序和原索引

#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

bool cmp1(pair<double,double> a, pair<double,double> b)
{
    if (a.second < b.second)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}

template <typename T>
vector<int> sort_Index(vector<T>& data)
{
    vector<int>  index(data.size());
    //赋值0-data.size()-1
    iota(index.begin(),index.end(),0);
    sort(index.begin(),index.end(),
       [&data](int i,int j){return data[i]<data[j];});

    // sort(index.begin(),index.end(),
    //    [&data](int i,int j){return data[i].second<data[j].second;});

    sort(data.begin(),data.end());
    return index;
}

void print(const int& tmp)
{
    cout<<tmp<<endl;
}

int main()
{
    //测试1
   vector<int> data={3,1,4,2,5};
      for(unsigned int i=0; i<data.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<data[i]<<endl;
        
    }
 cout<<"*****"<<endl;
    //高级查找
    for_each(data.begin(),data.end(),print);
    vector<int>::iterator location_index;
    location_index=find(data.begin(),data.end(),2);//数字2的下标
    cout<<(location_index-data.begin())<<endl;

    location_index=find_if(data.begin(),data.end(),bind2nd(greater<int>(),4));//第一个大于4的下标
    cout<<(location_index-data.begin())<<endl;

    cout<<"*****"<<endl;
    vector<int>  index;
    index=sort_Index(data);//内部顺序不变

    for(unsigned int i=0; i<data.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<data[i]<<endl;
        
    }
   
    cout<<"*****"<<endl;

    for(unsigned int i=0; i<index.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<index[i]<<endl;
        
    }



    //测试2
   /* vector<pair<int,int>> data;
    data.push_back(make_pair(3,2));
      data.push_back(make_pair(1,1));
        data.push_back(make_pair(2,3));
          data.push_back(make_pair(4,5));
            data.push_back(make_pair(5,4));
       
         for(unsigned int i=0; i<data.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<data[i].second<<endl;
        
    }
      cout<<"*****"<<endl;

     vector<int>  index;
    index=sort_Index(data);//内部顺序不变
    
    for(unsigned int i=0; i<data.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<data[i].second<<endl;
        
    }
   
    cout<<"*****"<<endl;

    for(unsigned int i=0; i<index.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<index[i]<<endl;
        
    }*/

    return 0;
}

#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


bool cmp1(pair<double,double> a, pair<double,double> b)
{
    if (a.second < b.second)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}

struct Node
{
   // int value;//类型可以根据需要该
    pair<int,int> value;
    int index;
};


bool cmp(struct Node& a, struct Node& b)
{
   // if (a.value<b.value)//此处根据value的类型来定书写规则
   if(a.value.second < b.value.second)
        return true;

    else
        return false;
}

template <typename T>
T sort_Index(vector<int>& index, vector<T>& data)
{
    Node* _data=new Node[data.size()];
    for(unsigned int i=0;i<data.size();i++)
    {
        _data[i].value=data[i];
        _data[i].index=i;
    }
    sort(data.begin(),data.end(),cmp1);

    sort(_data,_data+data.size(),cmp);
    for(unsigned int i=0;i<data.size();i++)
    {
        index.push_back(_data[i].index);
    }

    delete[] _data;

}

int main()
{
    //测试1
   /* vector<int> data={3,1,4,2,5};
      for(unsigned int i=0; i<data.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<data[i]<<endl;
        
    }
    cout<<"*****"<<endl;
    vector<int>  index;
    sort_Index(index,data);//内部顺序不变

    for(unsigned int i=0; i<data.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<data[i]<<endl;
        
    }
   
    cout<<"*****"<<endl;

    for(unsigned int i=0; i<index.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<index[i]<<endl;
        
    }*/

    //测试2

    vector<pair<int,int>> data;
    data.push_back(make_pair(3,2));
      data.push_back(make_pair(1,1));
        data.push_back(make_pair(2,3));
          data.push_back(make_pair(4,5));
            data.push_back(make_pair(5,4));
       
         for(unsigned int i=0; i<data.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<data[i].second<<endl;
        
    }
      cout<<"*****"<<endl;

     vector<int>  index;
    sort_Index(index,data);//内部顺序不变
    
    for(unsigned int i=0; i<data.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<data[i].second<<endl;
        
    }
   
    cout<<"*****"<<endl;

    for(unsigned int i=0; i<index.size();i++)
    {
        cout<<index[i]<<endl;
        
    }

    return 0;
}