rman
连接到 RMAN 管理工具, rman 默认配置
[oracle@orcl:/home/oracle]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jun 15 13:11:22 2022
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1630839472)
RMAN> show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
#配置备份冗余度为 2
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO redundancy 2;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
#配置Sysdate-7 的时间点
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO recovery window of 7 days;
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN>
#不配置备份策略
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO none;
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO NONE;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO NONE;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
RMAN>
#恢复到默认保留策略
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY clear;
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO NONE;
RMAN configuration parameters are successfully reset to default value
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION on;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION off;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION clear;
对于配置控制文件自动备份,有以下两种情况:
off
: 默认情况下,在备份 system 表空间时,会备份控制文件和 spfile。on
: 打开后可以分为两种情况开启控制文件自动备份,配置命令:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP on;
相应的关闭和恢复默认配置命令:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP off;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP clear;
rman target /
## 显示 rman 配置
show all;
## 报告目标数据库的物理结构
report schema;
## 报告最近3天没有被备份的数据文件
report need backup days=3;
## 在USERS表空间上3天未备份的数据文件
report need backup days 3 tablespace users;
## 报告备份文件低于2份的所有数据文件
report need backup redundancy 2 database;
report need backup redundancy=2;
## 报告文件报表的恢复需要超过6天的归档日志的数据文件
report need backup recovery window of 6 days;
## 报告数据库所有不可恢复的数据文件
report unrecoverable;
## 报告备份次数超过2次的陈旧备份
report obsolete redundancy 2;
## 报告废弃的备份
report obsolete;
## 列出所有备份的详细信息
list backup;
## 列出过期的备份详细信息
list expired backup;
## 列出所有数据文件的备份集
list backup of database;
## 列出特定表空间的所有数据文件备份集
list backup of tablespace USERS;
## 列出控制文件备份集
list backup of controlfile;
## 列出所有归档日志备份集详细信息
list backup of archivelog all;
## 列出归档日志备份集简要信息
list archivelog all;
## 列出SPFILE备份集
list backup of spfile;
## 列出指定数据文件映像副本
list copy of datafile 7;
## 列出控制文件映像副本
list copy of controlfile;
## 列出归档日志映像副本
list copy of archivelog all;
## 列出对应物/列出数据库副本
list incarnation of database;
## 列出可用的备份
list backup summary;
## 按备份类型列出备份
list backup by file;
## 检查所有备份集
crosscheck backup;
## 检查所有数据文件的备份集
crosscheck backup of database;
## 检查特定表空间的备份集
crosscheck backup of tablespace users;
## 检查特定数据文件的备份集
crosscheck backup of datafile 4;
## 检查控制文件的备份集
crosscheck backup of controlfile;
## 检查SPFILE的备份集
crosscheck backup of spfile;
## 检查归档日志的备份集
crosscheck backup of archivelog sequence 14;
## 检查所有映像副本
crosscheck copy;
## 检查所有数据文件的映像副本
crosscheck copy of database;
## 检查特定表空间的映像副本
crosscheck copy of tablespace users;
## 检查特定数据文件的映像副本
crosscheck copy of datafile 6;
## 检查归档日志的映像副本
crosscheck copy of archivelog sequence 14;
## 检查控制文件的映像副本
crosscheck copy of controlfile;
## 检查指定tag的备份集
crosscheck backup tag='TAG20220210T191414';
## 检查两天前之后的完整备份
crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2';
## 检查5天前至2天前的完整备份
crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2';
## 检查存储在磁盘中的备份集
crosscheck backup device type disk;
## 检查存储在磁带中的备份集
crosscheck backup device type sbt;
## 检查备份的所有归档日志
crosscheck archivelog all;
## 检查备份中归档日志名称包括指定字符的
crosscheck archivelog like '%1_14%';
## 检查备份集中指定归档日志号之后的所有归档日志
crosscheck archivelog from sequence 14;
## 检查备份集中指定归档号之前的所有归档日志
crosscheck archivelog until sequence 14;
## 删除陈旧的备份
delete obsolete;
## 删除过期的备份
delete expired backup;
## 删除过期的映像副本
delete expired copy;
## 删除特定备份集
delete backupset 8;
## 删除指定备份片
delete backuppiece '/backup/data_ORCL_20220210_1096312444_6_1';
## 删除所有备份集
delete backup;
## 删除特定映像副本
delete datafilecopy '/backup/data_ORCL_20220210_1096312444_6_1';
## 删除所有映像副本
delete copy;
## 删除所有归档日志
delete archivelog all;
保存策略:
configure retention policy to recovery window of 3 days;
configure retention policy to redundancy 3;
configure retention policy clear;
备份优化:
configure backup optimization on;
configure backup optimization off;
configure backup optimization clear;
存储设备:
configure default device type to disk;
configure default device type to stb;
configure default device type clear;
控制文件:
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/cfs01/backup/conf/conf_%F';
configure controlfile autobackup clear;
configrue controlfile autobackup format for device type disk clear;
configrue snapshot controlfile name to '/cfs01/backup/snapcf/scontrofile.snp';
configrue snapshot controlfile name clear;
并行数:
configure device type disk|stb parallelism 2;
configure device type disk|stb clear;
configure channel device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100m
configure channel device type disk rate 1200K
configure channel 1 device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel 1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m;
备份副本:
configure datafile backup copies for device type disk to 3;
configure datafile backup copies for device type stb to 3;
configure archivelog backup copies for device type disk to 3;
configure archivelog backup copies for device type stb to 3;
configure datafile|archivelog backup copies for device type disk clear;
configure datafile|archivelog backup copies for device type sbt clear;
backup device type disk database format '/disk1/backup/%U','/disk2/backup/%U','/disk3/backup/%U';
排除备份:
configure exclude for tablespace 'users';
configrue exclude clear;
备份集大小:
configure maxsetsize to 1G|1000M|1000000K|unlimited;
configure maxsetsize clear;
## 注册指定映像副本
catalog datafilecopy '/backup/data_ORCL_20220210_1096312444_7_1';
## 注册控制文件映像副本
catalog controlfilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/dbs/c-1620806321-20220210-00';
## 注册归档日志
catalog archivelog '/backup/arch_ORCL_20220210_1096312453_12_1';
## 注册备份片
catalog backuppiece '/backup/arch_ORCL_20220210_1096312453_12_1';
## 注册特定目录的所有备份文件
catalog start with '/backup/';
使用FORMAT参数时可使用的各种替换变量,如下:
%U
: 是 %u_%p_%c 的简写形式,利用它可以为每一个备份片段(即磁盘文件)生成一个唯一名称,是最常用的命名方式;📢 注意: 如果在 BACKUP 命令中没有指定 FORMAT 选项,则 RMAN 默认使用 %U 为备份片段命名。
## 验证备份集是否能够被还原
validate database;
validate backupset 2;
validate tablespace USERS;
validate datafile 1 block 377;
## 可以与 restore 一起使用
restore validate database;
restore validate controlfile;
restore validate spfile;
关于 backup、restore、recover 等等命令由于太常用并且很简单,就不做详细介绍了,下面备份脚本以及恢复时会有涉及!
原创声明:本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表,未经许可,不得转载。
如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
原创声明:本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表,未经许可,不得转载。
如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。