一、安装Nginx
1.下载Nginx安装包
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
这里下载两个版本的Nginx安装包是为了一会儿的升级使用。
Nginx下载
2.源码安装Nginx及相关组件
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nginx //创建禁止登陆解释器的用户(为了安全)
[root@localhost ~]# id nginx
uid=1001(nginx) gid=1001(nginx) 组=1001(nginx)
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx-1.14.2
[root@localhost nginx-1.14.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx //指定安装路径
--user=nginx //指定用户
--group=nginx //指定组
--with-http_ssl_module //安装ssl模块,开启其中的SSL加密功能(需要什么模块就安装什么模块)
......
......
nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"
[root@localhost nginx-1.14.2]# make && make install //编译并且安装
......
'/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' \
|| cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf'
cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' \
|| cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/nginx-1.14.2”
3.启动Nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.14.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.14.2]# netstat -antulp | grep :80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6079/nginx: master
或者[root@localhost nginx-1.14.2]# netstat -antulp | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6079/nginx: master
[root@localhost nginx-1.14.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V //查看Nginx软件信息
nginx version: nginx/1.14.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module
4.访问Nginx初始页面
在这里插入图片描述 5.Nginx的基本操作命令
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx //启动服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop //停止服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //验证配置文件是否有错误
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload //重新加载配置文件(平滑重启,使用前最好先-t检查一下配置文件正确性)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V //查看Nginx软件信息
二、平滑升级Nginx
1.查看Nginx版本
[root@localhost nginx-1.14.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.14.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module
2.编译新版本Nginx软件
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx-1.16.1
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module
......
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# make
注意:这里千万不要make install
3.备份老版Nginx程序,并使用新版本替换
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginxold
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# cp objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
4.发送USR2信号
//向主进程(master)发送USR2信号,Nginx会启动一个新版本的master进程和对应工作进程,和旧版一起处理请求
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# ps -aux | grep nginx
root 6088 0.0 0.1 46080 1928 ? Ss 14:57 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 6091 0.0 0.1 46516 2012 ? S 14:57 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 8693 0.0 0.0 112728 964 pts/0 R+ 15:28 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# kill -USR2 6088 //发送USR2信号
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# ps -aux | grep nginx
root 6088 0.0 0.1 46080 1928 ? Ss 14:57 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 6091 0.0 0.1 46516 2012 ? S 14:57 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 8694 0.5 0.1 45960 3260 ? S 15:29 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 8695 0.0 0.1 46420 1888 ? S 15:29 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 8697 0.0 0.0 112728 968 pts/0 S+ 15:29 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
5.发送WINCH信号
//向旧的Nginx主进程(master)发送WINCH信号,它会逐步关闭自己的工作进程(主进程不退出),这时所有请求都会由新版Nginx处理
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# ps -aux | grep nginx
root 6088 0.0 0.1 46080 1928 ? Ss 14:57 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 6091 0.0 0.1 46516 2012 ? S 14:57 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 8694 0.0 0.1 45960 3260 ? S 15:29 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 8695 0.0 0.1 46420 1888 ? S 15:29 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 8700 0.0 0.0 112728 968 pts/0 R+ 15:36 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# kill -WINCH 6088
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# ps -aux | grep nginx
root 6088 0.0 0.1 46080 1928 ? Ss 14:57 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
root 8694 0.0 0.1 45960 3260 ? S 15:29 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 8695 0.0 0.1 46420 1888 ? S 15:29 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 8702 0.0 0.0 112728 968 pts/0 R+ 15:37 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
注意:如果这个时候需要回退继续使用之前的Nginx版本,可以向旧版本的Nginx主程序发送HUP信号,它会重新启动工作进程, 仍使用旧版配置文件。然后可以将新版Nginx进程杀死(使用QUIT、TERM、或者KILL)
例如:
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# kill -HUP 6088
6.发送QUIT信号
升级完毕,可向旧的Nginx主进程(master)发送(QUIT、TERM、或者KILL)信号,使旧的主进程退出
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# kill -QUIT 6088
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# ps -aux | grep nginx
root 8694 0.0 0.1 45960 3260 ? S 15:29 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 8695 0.0 0.1 46420 1888 ? S 15:29 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 8708 0.0 0.0 112728 968 pts/0 R+ 15:38 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
7.验证升级后的Nginx版本并访问
[root@localhost nginx-1.16.1]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.16.1
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module
在这里插入图片描述
QUIT 平滑关闭
TERM、INT 快速关闭
HUP 平滑重启,重新加载配置文件
USR1 重新打开日志文件
USR2 平滑升级可执行程序
WINCH 平滑关闭工作进程