CentOS 7下Hadoop完全分布式集群搭建

星哥玩云

发布于 2022-07-12 14:13:46

4410

发布于 2022-07-12 14:13:46

文章被收录于专栏：开源部署开源部署

Hadoop集群部署，就是以Cluster mode方式进行部署。本文是基于JDK1.7.0_79，hadoop2.7.5。

1.Hadoop的节点构成如下：

HDFS daemon： NameNode, SecondaryNameNode, DataNode

YARN damones： ResourceManager, NodeManager, WebAppProxy

MapReduce Job History Server

本次测试的分布式环境为：Master 1台 (test166)，Slave 1台(test167)

2.1 安装JDK及下载解压hadoop

JDK安装可参考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-01/139874.htm 或 CentOS7.2安装JDK1.7 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/137398.htm

从官网下载Hadoop最新版2.7.5

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ su - hadoop [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd /usr/hadoop/ [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.5/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz

将hadoop解压到/usr/hadoop/下

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ tar zxvf /root/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz

结果：

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ll total 211852 drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Desktop drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Downloads drwxr-xr-x. 10 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 01:36 hadoop-2.7.5 -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 216929574 Dec 16 12:03 hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 Jan 31 23:41 Videos [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$

2.2 在各节点上设置主机名及创建hadoop组和用户

所有节点（master,slave）

1 [root@hadoop-master ~]# su - root 2 [root@hadoop-master ~]# vi /etc/hosts 3 10.86.255.166 hadoop-master 4 10.86.255.167 slave1 5 注意：修改hosts中，是立即生效的，无需source或者. 。

先使用

建立hadoop用户组

新建用户，useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop （新建用户hadoop指定用户主目录/usr/hadoop 及所属组hadoop）

passwd hadoop 设置hadoop密码（这里设置密码为hadoop）

[root@hadoop-master ~]# groupadd hadoop [root@hadoop-master ~]# useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop [root@hadoop-master ~]# passwd hadoop

2.3 在各节点上设置SSH无密码登录

最终达到目的：即在master:节点执行 ssh hadoop@salve1不需要密码，此处只需配置master访问slave1免密。

su - hadoop

进入~/.ssh目录

执行：ssh-keygen -t rsa，一路回车

生成两个文件，一个私钥，一个公钥，在master1中执行：cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ su - hadoop [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ pwd /usr/hadoop [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd .ssh [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 11:b2:23:8c:e7:32:1d:4c:2f:00:32:1a:15:43:bb:de hadoop@hadoop-master The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ |=+*.. . . | |oo O . o . | |. o B + . | | = + . . | | + o S | | . + | | . E | | | | | +-----------------+ [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ll total 16 -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1675 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 402 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa.pub -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$

2.3.1：本机无密钥登录

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ pwd /usr/hadoop [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ chmod -R 700 .ssh [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd .ssh [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys [hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ll total 16 -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1679 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 410 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa.pub -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts

验证：没有提示输入密码则表示本机无密钥登录成功，如果此步不成功，后续启动hdfs脚本会要求输入密码

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ssh hadoop@hadoop-master Last login: Fri Feb 23 18:54:59 2018 from hadoop-master [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$

2.3.2：master与其他节点无密钥登录

( 若已有authorized_keys，则执行ssh-copy-id ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave1 上面命令的功能ssh-copy-id将pub值写入远程机器的~/.ssh/authorized_key中)

从master中把authorized_keys分发到各个结点上(会提示输入密码，输入slave1相应的密码即可)：

scp /usr/hadoop/.ssh/authorized_keys hadoop@slave1:/home/master/.ssh /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys hadoop@slave1's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'hadoop@slave1'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$

然后在各个节点对authorized_keys执行(一定要执行该步，否则会报错)：chmod 600 authorized_keys

保证.ssh 700，.ssh/authorized_keys 600权限

测试如下（第一次ssh时会提示输入yes/no，输入yes即可）：

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ssh hadoop@slave1 Last login: Fri Feb 23 18:40:10 2018 [hadoop@slave1 ~]$ [hadoop@slave1 ~]$ exit logout Connection to slave1 closed. [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$

2.4 设置Hadoop的环境变量

Master及slave1都需操作

[root@hadoop-master ~]# su - root

[root@hadoop-master ~]# vi /etc/profile 末尾添加，保证任何路径下可执行hadoop命令

Java_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79

CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

PATH=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

让设置生效

[root@hadoop-master ~]# source /etc/profile

或者

[root@hadoop-master ~]# . /etc/profile

Master设置hadoop环境

su - hadoop 1 # vi etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh 新增以下内容 2 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79 3 export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5

此时hadoop安装已完成，可执行hadoop命令，后续步骤为集群部署

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ hadoop Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] [COMMAND | CLASSNAME] CLASSNAME run the class named CLASSNAME or where COMMAND is one of: fs run a generic filesystem user client version print the version jar <jar> run a jar file note: please use "yarn jar" to launch YARN applications, not this command. checknative [-a|-h] check native hadoop and compression libraries availability distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive classpath prints the class path needed to get the credential interact with credential providers Hadoop jar and the required libraries daemonlog get/set the log level for each daemon trace view and modify Hadoop tracing settings

Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters. [hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$

2.5 Hadoop设定

2.5.0 开放端口50070

注：centos7版本对防火墙进行加强,不再使用原来的iptables,启用firewall

Master节点:

su - root

firewall-cmd --state 查看状态（若关闭，则先开启systemctl start firewalld）

firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已开放的端口

开启8000端口：firewall-cmd --zone=public(作用域) --add-port=8000/tcp(端口和访问类型) --permanent(永久生效)

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=50070/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8088/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=19888/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9000/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9001/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload -重启防火墙

firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已开放的端口

systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火墙开机启动

关闭端口：firewall-cmd --zone= public --remove-port=8000/tcp --permanent

Slave1节点：

su - root systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火墙开机启动

2.5.1 在Master节点的设定文件中指定Slave节点

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop]$ pwd /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop [hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop]$ vi slaves slave1

2.5.2 在各节点指定HDFS文件存储的位置（默认是/tmp）

Master节点： namenode

创建目录并赋予权限

Su - root

# mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name

# chmod -R 777 /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp

# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5

Slave节点：datanode

创建目录并赋予权限，改变所有者

Su - root

# mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data

# chmod -R 777 /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp

# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5

2.5.3 在Master中设置配置文件(包括yarn)

su - hadoop # vi etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

<name>fs.default.name</name>

<value>hdfs://hadoop-master:9000</value>

</property>

<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>

<value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp</value>

</property>

</configuration>

# vi etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<name>dfs.replication</name>

</property>

<value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name</value>

</property>

<value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data</value>

</property>

</configuration>

#cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml

# vi etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>

</property>

</configuration>

YARN设定

yarn的组成（Master节点： resourcemanager ，Slave节点： nodemanager）

以下仅在master操作,后面步骤会统一分发至salve1。

# vi etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>

<value>hadoop-master</value>

</property>

<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>

<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>

</property>

</configuration>

2.5.4将Master的文件分发至slave1节点。

cd /usr/hadoop

scp -r hadoop-2.7.5 hadoop@hadoop-master:/usr/hadoop

2.5.5 Master上启动job history server，Slave节点上指定

此步2.5.5可跳过

Mater:

启动jobhistory daemon

# sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver

确认

# jps

访问Job History Server的web页面

http://localhost:19888/

Slave节点：

# vi etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>

<value>hadoop-master:10020</value>

</property>

2.5.6 格式化HDFS（Master）

# hadoop namenode -format

Master结果：

2.5.7 在Master上启动daemon，Slave上的服务会一起启动

启动:

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ pwd

/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/start-all.sh

This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh

Starting namenodes on [hadoop-master]

hadoop-master: starting namenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop-master.out

slave1: starting datanode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.out

Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]

0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-hadoop-master.out

starting yarn daemons

starting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-hadoop-master.out

slave1: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave1.out

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$

确认

Master节点：

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ jps 81209 NameNode 81516 SecondaryNameNode 82052 Jps 81744 ResourceManager

Slave节点：

[hadoop@slave1 ~]$ jps 58913 NodeManager 59358 Jps 58707 DataNode

停止（需要的时候再停止，后续步骤需running状态）:

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/stop-all.sh This script is Deprecated. Instead use stop-dfs.sh and stop-yarn.sh Stopping namenodes on [hadoop-master] hadoop-master: stopping namenode slave1: stopping datanode Stopping secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0] 0.0.0.0: stopping secondarynamenode stopping yarn daemons stopping resourcemanager slave1: stopping nodemanager no proxyserver to stop

2.5.8 创建HDFS

# hdfs dfs -mkdir /user

# hdfs dfs -mkdir /user/test22

2.5.9 拷贝input文件到HDFS目录下

# hdfs dfs -put etc/hadoop/*.sh /user/test22/input

查看

# hdfs dfs -ls /user/test22/input

2.5.10 执行hadoop job

统计单词的例子，此时的output是hdfs中的目录，hdfs dfs -ls可查看

# hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.5.jar wordcount /user/test22/input output

确认执行结果

# hdfs dfs -cat output/*