SpringCloud框架搭建&Eureka&Ribbon&Feign&zull

用户9919783

发布于 2022-07-29 14:02:32

3010

发布于 2022-07-29 14:02:32

文章被收录于专栏：后端从入门到精通

Springboot是什么？

是推出解决传统框架配置文件繁杂冗余，基于maven仓库和注解，快速搭建的框架，不依赖springcloud。

Springcloud是什么？

依赖springboot，专注于各个微服务的联调配置，通信，熔断，负载均衡。

Eureka:服务注册发现。(Dubbo用的是zooukeep做服务注册发现。)

Ribbon:服务的负载均衡，从服务的多台机器中选择一台，可以用spring的restTemplate和httpclient远程调用服务。

Feign:动态代理机制，pom文件里导入的jar包包含ribbon，根据注解来选择机器实现负载均衡。

Hystrix:当服务器发生故障，给服务调用增加返回错误码，避免调用不成功还一直调用导致系统阻塞。

Zuul:网关管理，可以在yml文件配置路径，转发给不同的服务。

搭建框架时候有几个大的不同点：

启动类：注解不同@EnableEurekaService和@EnableEurekaClient。

pom文件：eureka注册中心是导入eureka-service的jar，，服务端和消费端导入的是eureka-client的jar。

yml配置文件，eureka注册中心和服务端消费端是不同的，他们都需要配置eureka-instatnce-hostaname和eureka-client-serviceurl。但eureka注册中心需要多配置两个参数：一个是标注自己是注册中心不需要注册向自己注册，另一个是标注自己表示是否去服务上获取信息，并不需要去检查服务。

Hytrix的作用：在微服务中，独立的业务会拆分成一个个微服务，微服务可以相互调用的(RPC)，在springcloud可以用restTemplate+ribbon和feign来调用。为了保证高可用，单个服务器通常会集群部署，因为只部署一个的话，总会因为项目本身或者网络问题服务断掉，而导致严重后果，hytrix就是保护集群微服务高可用，其中一个服务器发生故障直接返回错误编码，避免一直调用导致系统阻塞。

一、先创建一个父模块j_cloud

整体目录如下：

先创建总的父模块，pom文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>j_cloud</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>j_cloud</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <!--    spring boot 聚合父工程中，打包类型要求设置为 pom-->
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <modules>
       <module>test-springboot-eureka-server8761</module>
          <module>eurekaclient</module>
        <module>eurekaclient2</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-boot.version>2.2.5.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
        <!--        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>-->
        <mybatis-spring-boot.version>2.1.2</mybatis-spring-boot.version>
        <mysql.version>8.0.12</mysql.version>
        <druid.version>1.1.21</druid.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.20</lombok.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring boot -->
        <!-- <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
             <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
             <type>pom</type>
             <scope>import</scope>
         </dependency>-->
        <!-- spring cloud -->
        <!--  <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
              <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
              <type>pom</type>
              <scope>import</scope>
          </dependency>-->
        <!-- spring cloud alibaba -->
        <!--            <dependency>-->
        <!--                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>-->
        <!--                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>-->
        <!--                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>-->
        <!--                <type>pom</type>-->
        <!--                <scope>import</scope>-->
        <!--            </dependency>-->

        <!-- mybatis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis-spring-boot.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mysql -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- druid -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${druid.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>${lombok.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- test -->
        <!-- <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
             <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
             <exclusions>
                 <exclusion>
                     <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                     <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                 </exclusion>
             </exclusions>
         </dependency>-->
    </dependencies>

    <!--依赖管理-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork>
                    <addResources>true</addResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

二、父模块下建立test-springboot-eureka-server8761

在父类下建立后pom文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>j_cloud</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>  <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>test-springboot-eureka-server8761</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>test-springboot-eureka-server8761</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- eureka server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

启动类加上面的注解，yml文件如下：

# 端口
server:
  port: 8081
  tomcat:
    uri-encoding: UTF-8

# Eureka配置
eureka:
  instance:
    # eureka服务端的实例名称
    hostname: 127.0.0.1
  client:
    # 是否将自己注册到Eureka服务中,因为该应用本身就是注册中心，不需要再注册自己（集群的时候为true）
    register-with-eureka: false
    #是否从Eureka Server上获取注册信息，默认为true
    fetch-registry: false
    # 设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:8081/eureka/
#  server:
#    enable-self-preservation: false

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-eureka-server

三、继续创建eurekaclient

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>j_cloud</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>eurekaclient</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eurekaclient</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

这时候eureka注解改为eurekaClient，之前那个eurekaService是服务注册用的

# 端口
server:
  port: 8082
  tomcat:
    uri-encoding: UTF-8

# Eureka配置
eureka:
  instance:
    # eureka服务端的实例名称
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    # 设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:8081/eureka/

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-client

四、搭建Ribbon模块

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>j_cloud</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>ribbon</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>ribbon</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--cloud rabbit-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

这里断容器可以先注释掉，ribbon是通过restTemplate调用远程的，所以先用restTemplateBuilder吧他注入到容器。

controller和service代码分别是：

@RestController
public class RibbonController {

    @Resource
    private RibbonService ribbonService;

    @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    public String ribbon(String name) {
        return ribbonService.ribbon(name);
    }
}

@Service
public class RibbonService {

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "error")
    public String ribbon(String name) {
         return restTemplate.getForObject("http://EUREKA-CLIENT/hi_eureka?name=" + name, String.class);
    }

    public String error(String name) {
        return "springCloud的Ribbon远程调用失败：" + name;
    }
}

yml配置文件：

# 端口
server:
  port: 8084
  tomcat:
    uri-encoding: UTF-8

# Eureka配置
eureka:
  instance:
    # eureka服务端的实例名称
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    # 设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:8081/eureka/


spring:
  application:
    name: rabbon

这时候访问端口就可以看到调用eureka成功了：http://localhost:8084/ribbon?name=123

五、feign负载均衡消费端

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>j_cloud</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>feign</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>feign</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--引入feign 依赖，包含ribbon负载均衡，也包含Hystrix服务容错。-->
        <!--Spring Cloud Feign在构建被@FeignClient注解修饰的服务客户端是，会为每一个客户端都创建一个feign.Logger实例，我们可以利用该日志对象进行Log分析。-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

@Repository
@FeignClient(value = "eureka-client",fallback = HystrixService.class)
public interface FeignServer {

    @RequestMapping("/hi_eureka")
    public String hi(@RequestParam("name") String name);
}

在Hytrix熔断器，在Ribbon加入、在feign加入熔断器hrtrix

  public String error(String name) {
        return "springCloud的Ribbon远程调用失败：" + name;
    }

@Component
public class HystrixService implements FeignServer {
    @Override
    public String hi(String name) {
        return "sprigCloud远程访问异常：" + name;
    }
}

六、zull网管负载均衡

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>j_cloud</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>zuul</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>zuul</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

yml关键点在于配置负载以及需要用注解@EnableZuulProxy：

zuul:
  routes:
    api-a:
      path: /api-a/**
      service-id: rabbit
    api-b:
      path: /api-b/**
      service-id: feign
    api-c:
      path: /api-c/**
      service-id: feign
  host:
    socket-timeout-millis: 60000
    connect-timeout-millis: 60000

spring:
  application:
    name: zuul

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原始发表：2021-12-18，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

负载均衡