【小码匠自习室】让错误成为孩子进步的阶梯

4
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8
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D:\day1\mode>fc /?
比较两个文件或两个文件集并显示它们之间
的不同


FC [/A] [/C] [/L] [/LBn] [/N] [/OFF[LINE]] [/T] [/U] [/W] [/nnnn]
   [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2
FC /B [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2

  /A         只显示每个不同处的第一行和最后一行。
  /B         执行二进制比较。
  /C         不分大小写。
  /L         将文件作为 ASCII 文字比较。
  /LBn       将连续不匹配的最大值设置为指定
             的行数。
  /N         在 ASCII 比较上显示行数。
  /OFF[LINE] 不要跳过带有脱机属性集的文件。
  /T         不要将制表符扩充到空格。
  /U         将文件作为 UNICODE 文本文件比较。
  /W         为了比较而压缩空白(制表符和空格)。
  /nnnn      指定不匹配处后必须连续
             匹配的行数。
  [drive1:][path1]filename1
             指定要比较的第一个文件或第一个文件集。
  [drive2:][path2]filename2
             指定要比较的第二个文件或第二个文件集。

D:\day1\mode>fc mode_ex1.ans mode_ex1-3.ans
正在比较文件 mode_ex1.ans 和 MODE_EX1-3.ANS
FC: 找不到差异

D:\day1\mode>fc mode_ex1.ans mode_ex1-2.ans
正在比较文件 mode_ex1.ans 和 MODE_EX1-2.ANS
***** mode_ex1.ans
3
4
5
***** MODE_EX1-2.ANS
3
6
5
*****

D:\day1\mode>fc mode_ex1.ans mode_ex1-4.ans
正在比较文件 mode_ex1.ans 和 MODE_EX1-4.ANS
***** mode_ex1.ans
4
1
5
***** MODE_EX1-4.ANS
4
2
5
*****

***** mode_ex1.ans
3
4
5
***** MODE_EX1-4.ANS
3
6
5
*****

oder@ubuntu:~$ diff --help
Usage: diff [OPTION]... FILES
Compare FILES line by line.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
      --normal                  output a normal diff (the default)
  -q, --brief                   report only when files differ
  -s, --report-identical-files  report when two files are the same
  -c, -C NUM, --context[=NUM]   output NUM (default 3) lines of copied context
  -u, -U NUM, --unified[=NUM]   output NUM (default 3) lines of unified context
  -e, --ed                      output an ed script
  -n, --rcs                     output an RCS format diff
  -y, --side-by-side            output in two columns
  -W, --width=NUM               output at most NUM (default 130) print columns
      --left-column             output only the left column of common lines
      --suppress-common-lines   do not output common lines

  -p, --show-c-function         show which C function each change is in
  -F, --show-function-line=RE   show the most recent line matching RE
      --label LABEL             use LABEL instead of file name and timestamp
                                  (can be repeated)

  -t, --expand-tabs             expand tabs to spaces in output
  -T, --initial-tab             make tabs line up by prepending a tab
      --tabsize=NUM             tab stops every NUM (default 8) print columns
      --suppress-blank-empty    suppress space or tab before empty output lines
  -l, --paginate                pass output through 'pr' to paginate it

  -r, --recursive                 recursively compare any subdirectories found
      --no-dereference            don't follow symbolic links
  -N, --new-file                  treat absent files as empty
      --unidirectional-new-file   treat absent first files as empty
      --ignore-file-name-case     ignore case when comparing file names
      --no-ignore-file-name-case  consider case when comparing file names
  -x, --exclude=PAT               exclude files that match PAT
  -X, --exclude-from=FILE         exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
  -S, --starting-file=FILE        start with FILE when comparing directories
      --from-file=FILE1           compare FILE1 to all operands;
                                    FILE1 can be a directory
      --to-file=FILE2             compare all operands to FILE2;
                                    FILE2 can be a directory

  -i, --ignore-case               ignore case differences in file contents
  -E, --ignore-tab-expansion      ignore changes due to tab expansion
  -Z, --ignore-trailing-space     ignore white space at line end
  -b, --ignore-space-change       ignore changes in the amount of white space
  -w, --ignore-all-space          ignore all white space
  -B, --ignore-blank-lines        ignore changes where lines are all blank
  -I, --ignore-matching-lines=RE  ignore changes where all lines match RE

  -a, --text                      treat all files as text
      --strip-trailing-cr         strip trailing carriage return on input

  -D, --ifdef=NAME                output merged file with '#ifdef NAME' diffs
      --GTYPE-group-format=GFMT   format GTYPE input groups with GFMT
      --line-format=LFMT          format all input lines with LFMT
      --LTYPE-line-format=LFMT    format LTYPE input lines with LFMT
    These format options provide fine-grained control over the output
      of diff, generalizing -D/--ifdef.
    LTYPE is 'old', 'new', or 'unchanged'.  GTYPE is LTYPE or 'changed'.
    GFMT (only) may contain:
      %<  lines from FILE1
      %>  lines from FILE2
      %=  lines common to FILE1 and FILE2
      %[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}LETTER  printf-style spec for LETTER
        LETTERs are as follows for new group, lower case for old group:
          F  first line number
          L  last line number
          N  number of lines = L-F+1
          E  F-1
          M  L+1
      %(A=B?T:E)  if A equals B then T else E
    LFMT (only) may contain:
      %L  contents of line
      %l  contents of line, excluding any trailing newline
      %[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}n  printf-style spec for input line number
    Both GFMT and LFMT may contain:
      %%  %
      %c'C'  the single character C
      %c'\OOO'  the character with octal code OOO
      C    the character C (other characters represent themselves)

  -d, --minimal            try hard to find a smaller set of changes
      --horizon-lines=NUM  keep NUM lines of the common prefix and suffix
      --speed-large-files  assume large files and many scattered small changes
      --color[=WHEN]       colorize the output; WHEN can be 'never', 'always',
                             or 'auto' (the default)
      --palette=PALETTE    the colors to use when --color is active; PALETTE is
                             a colon-separated list of terminfo capabilities

      --help               display this help and exit
  -v, --version            output version information and exit

FILES are 'FILE1 FILE2' or 'DIR1 DIR2' or 'DIR FILE' or 'FILE DIR'.
If --from-file or --to-file is given, there are no restrictions on FILE(s).
If a FILE is '-', read standard input.
Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.

Report bugs to: bug-diffutils@gnu.org
GNU diffutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/>
General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>

coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ ls -la
total 4872
drwxrwxrwx 2 coder coder    4096 Jun 13 00:52 .
drwxrwxr-x 3 coder coder    4096 Jun 13 01:06 ..
-rwxrw-rw- 1 coder coder      42 Jun 13 00:48 mode_ex1-2.ans
-rwxrw-rw- 1 coder coder      40 Jun 13 00:50 mode_ex1-3.ans
-rwxrw-rw- 1 coder coder      40 Jun 13 00:52 mode_ex1-4.ans
-rwxrw-rw- 1 coder coder      28 May  2 07:54 mode_ex1.ans
-rwxrw-rw- 1 coder coder      52 May  2 07:54 mode_ex1.in
-rwxrw-rw- 1 coder coder     178 May  2 07:48 mode_ex2.ans
-rwxrw-rw- 1 coder coder 4954289 May  2 07:48 mode_ex2.in

coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ diff mode_ex1.ans mode_ex1-3.ans
1,14c1,14
< 4
< 1
< 5
< 1
< 4
< 2
< 4
< 8
< 2
< 1
< 2
< 3
< 4
< 5
---
> 4
> 1
> 5
> 1
> 4
> 2
> 4
> 8
> 2
> 1
> 2
> 3
> 4
> 5
\ No newline at end of file

coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ file mode_ex1.ans
mode_ex1.ans: ASCII text
coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ file mode_ex1-3.ans
mode_ex1-3.ans: ASCII text, with CRLF line terminators

sed -i "s/\r//" mode_ex1-3.ans

coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ sed -i "s/\r//" mode_ex1-3.ans
coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ sed -i "s/\r//" mode_ex1-2.ans
coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ sed -i "s/\r//" mode_ex1-4.ans
coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ file ^C
coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ file mode_ex1-2.ans 
mode_ex1-2.ans: ASCII text
coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ file mode_ex1-3.ans 
mode_ex1-3.ans: ASCII text
coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ file mode_ex1-4.ans 
mode_ex1-4.ans: ASCII text

coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ file mode_ex1.ans mode_ex1-3.ans 
mode_ex1.ans:   ASCII text
mode_ex1-3.ans: ASCII text

coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ diff mode_ex1.ans mode_ex1-3.ans 
coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$

coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ diff mode_ex1.ans mode_ex1-2.ans 
13c13
< 4
---
> 6

coder@ubuntu:~/Desktop/coder/mode$ diff mode_ex1.ans mode_ex1-4.ans 
2c2
< 1
---
> 2
13,14c13,14
< 4
< 5
---
> 6
> 5
\ No newline at end of file