SpringMVC文件上传

星哥玩云

发布于 2022-09-14 21:35:27

4180

发布于 2022-09-14 21:35:27

文章被收录于专栏：开源部署开源部署

1、文件上传的需求

1.1、注意事项

1.1.1、enctype 取值

enctype 取值必须是：multipart/form-data

1.1.2、method

method 取值必须是：post

1.1.3、file组件

要有一个file组件：

<input type="file"/>

1.2、第三方组件上传

commons-fileupload.jar\commons-io.jar

2、文件上传操作（准备）

2.1、需求

完成在同一服务器中的文件上传，并完成上传后的页面切换。

2.2、新建maven项目

通过maven创建一个新项目smvc003

2.3、导包

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.tyschool</groupId>
  <artifactId>smvc003</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>smvc003 Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.2.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>2.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.3</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>smvc003</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

2.4、配置springmvc.xml文件

springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!--配置扫描器，扫描注解-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.tyschool.smvc002"></context:component-scan>
    <!--配置视图解析器，配置前缀和后缀-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

2.5、配置web.xml文件

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
        http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
        id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <!--配置SpringMVC核心,前置控制器DispatcherServlet -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVCDispathcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--配置初始化参数，用来读取springmvc.xml文件-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--配置servlet的对象的创建时间点：应用加载时创建。取值只能是非0正整数，表示启动顺序-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <!--前置控制器，映射所有地址-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVCDispathcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

2.6、启动服务

启动服务、配置服务

http://localhost:8080/smvc003/index.jsp

3、文件上传操作（开发）

3.1、编写页面

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>上传页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="fileUp" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
名称：<input type="text" name="fname"/><br/>
图片：<input type="file" name="upfile"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="上传"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

3.2、加入servlet.jar

后面我们要接收HttpServletRequest对象

<dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3.2、编写控制器

FileUpController.java

package com.tyschool.smvc003.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.UUID;
@Controller("fileUpController")
public class FileUpController {
    @RequestMapping("/fileUp")
    public String upFile(String fname, MultipartFile upfile, HttpServletRequest request)throws Exception {
        //定义文件名
        String fileName = "";
        //1.获取原始文件名
        String uploadFileName = upfile.getOriginalFilename();
        //2.截取文件扩展名
        String extendName =
                uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf(".")+1,
                        uploadFileName.length());
        //3.把文件加上随机数，防止文件重复
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "").toUpperCase();

        //4.判断是否输入了文件名
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(fname)) {
            fileName = uuid+"_"+fname+"."+extendName; }else {
            fileName = uuid+"_"+uploadFileName; }
        System.out.println(fileName);
        //2.获取文件路径
        ServletContext context = request.getServletContext();
        String basePath = context.getRealPath("/uploads");
        //3.解决同一文件夹中文件过多问题
        String datePath = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date());
        //4.判断路径是否存在
        File file = new File(basePath+"/"+datePath);
        if(!file.exists()) {
            file.mkdirs();
        }
        //5.使用 MulitpartFile 接口中方法，把上传的文件写到指定位置
        upfile.transferTo(new File(file,fileName));
        return "success";
    }
}

3.3、配置文件解析器

<!--配置文件解析器-->
<!-- id 的值是固定的-->
<bean id="multipartResolver"
 class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!-- 设置上传文件的最大尺寸为 5MB -->
<property name="maxUploadSize"> <value>5242880</value></property>
</bean>

3.4、启动服务完成上传

http://localhost:8080/smvc003/index.jsp

4、文件上传操作（跨服务器上传准备）

4.1、需求

用一个专门的服务器来处理我们上传的文件。将我们的应用程序和上传文件分开为二个服务器。

实际开发中，我们不同的服务器处理不同的业务。比如：

应用服务器：部署项目应用

数据库服务器：运行数据库

nosql服务器：处理缓存和消息队列

文件服务器：处理图片、声音、视频等各种文件

每个服务器都独立的去完成各自独有的操作。所以，我们在开发的时候，我们就需要将我们的文件上传到不同的服务器。分服务器的目的其实就是为了提高我们项目的管理和执行效率。

4.2、应用逻辑图

4.3、创建服务器端WEB项目

4.3.1、创建一个新项目

maven创建一个新项目fileuploads

4.3.2、导入对应的jar包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.tyschool</groupId>
  <artifactId>fileuploads</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>fileuploads Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>2.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.sun.jersey/jersey-client -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
      <artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
      <version>1.19</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
      <artifactId>jersey-core</artifactId>
      <version>1.19</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>fileuploads</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

4.3.3、配置Tomcat服务器

在/conf/web.xml中加入配置

<servlet>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>        
<servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>debug</param-name>
            <param-value>0</param-value>
        </init-param>
   			<init-param>
            <param-name>readonly</param-name>
            <param-value>false</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>listings</param-name>
            <param-value>false</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

4.3.4、打成war包

项目打成war包，放入tomcat

powershell

scp C:\Users\ww\IdeaProjects\smvc003\target\smvc003.war root@192.168.1.123:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps

4.3.5、启动tomcat

http://192.168.1.123:8080/fileuploads/

5、文件上传操作（跨服务器上传开发）

5.1、编写页面

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>上传页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="fileUp1" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
名称：<input type="text" name="fname"/><br/>
图片：<input type="file" name="upfile"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="上传"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

5.2、编写控制器

FileUpTwoController.java

import com.sun.jersey.api.client.Client;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import java.util.UUID;

@Controller("fileUpTwoController")
public class FileUpTwoController {
    public static final String FILESERVERURL = "http://192.168.1.123:8080/fileuploads/uploads/";
    /**
     * 文件上传，保存文件到不同服务器
     */
    @RequestMapping("/fileUpload2")
    public String testResponseJson(String fname, MultipartFile upfile) throws Exception

    {
//定义文件名
        String fileName = "";
//1.获取原始文件名
        String uploadFileName = upfile.getOriginalFilename();
//2.截取文件扩展名
        String extendName =
                uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1,
                        uploadFileName.length());
//3.把文件加上随机数，防止文件重复
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "").toUpperCase();
//4.判断是否输入了文件名
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(fname)) {
            fileName = uuid + "_" + fname + "." + extendName;
        } else {
            fileName = uuid + "_" + uploadFileName;
        }
        System.out.println(fileName);
//5.创建 sun 公司提供的 jersey 包中的 Client 对象
        Client client = Client.create();
//6.指定上传文件的地址，该地址是 web 路径
        WebResource resource = client.resource(FILESERVERURL + fileName);
//7.实现上传
        String result = resource.put(String.class, upfile.getBytes());
        System.out.println(result);
        return "success";
    }
}

5.3、启动服务测试

http://localhost:8080/smvc003/index.jsp

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