Ubuntu 优化、美化（主题、终端）[通俗易懂]

将以下代码，粘贴并覆盖sources.list文件中的所有内容　
 # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 显示相关  
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
set shortmess=atI   " 启动的时候不显示那个援助乌干达儿童的提示  
winpos 5 5         " 设定窗口位置  
set lines=30 columns=85    " 设定窗口大小  
set nu              " 显示行号  
set go=             " 不要图形按钮  
"color asmanian2     " 设置背景主题  
set guifont=Courier_New:h10:cANSI   " 设置字体  
syntax on           " 语法高亮  
autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul  " 用浅色高亮当前行  
autocmd InsertEnter * se cul    " 用浅色高亮当前行  
set ruler           " 显示标尺  
set showcmd         " 输入的命令显示出来，看的清楚些  
set cmdheight=1     " 命令行（在状态行下）的高度，设置为1  
"set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l   " 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界(不建议)  
set scrolloff=3     " 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离  
set novisualbell    " 不要闪烁(不明白)  
set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")}   "状态行显示的内容  
set laststatus=1    " 启动显示状态行(1),总是显示状态行(2)  
set foldenable      " 允许折叠  
set foldmethod=manual   " 手动折叠  
set background=dark "背景使用黑色 
set nocompatible  "去掉讨厌的有关vi一致性模式，避免以前版本的一些bug和局限  
" 显示中文帮助
if version >= 603
    set helplang=cn
    set encoding=utf-8
endif
" 设置配色方案
"colorscheme murphy
"字体 
"if (has("gui_running")) 
"   set guifont=Bitstream\ Vera\ Sans\ Mono\ 10 
"endif 


set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
set termencoding=utf-8
set encoding=utf-8
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936
set fileencoding=utf-8

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"""""新文件标题""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"新建.c,.h,.sh,.java文件，自动插入文件头 
autocmd BufNewFile *.cpp,*.[ch],*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()" 
""定义函数SetTitle，自动插入文件头 
func SetTitle() 
    "如果文件类型为.sh文件 
    if &filetype == 'sh' 
        call setline(1,"\#########################################################################") 
        call append(line("."), "\# File Name     : ".expand("%")) 
        call append(line(".")+1, "\# Author        : enjoy5512") 
        call append(line(".")+2, "\# mail          : enjoy5512@163.com") 
        call append(line(".")+3, "\# Created Time  : ".strftime("%c")) 
        call append(line(".")+4, "\#########################################################################") 
        call append(line(".")+5, "") 
        call append(line(".")+6, "\#!/bin/bash") 
    call append(line(".")+7, "")
    call append(line(".")+8, "")
    else 
        call setline(1, "/*************************************************************************") 
        call append(line("."), "    > File Name       : ".expand("%")) 
        call append(line(".")+1, "    > Author          : enjoy5512") 
        call append(line(".")+2, "    > Mail            : enjoy5512@163.com ") 
        call append(line(".")+3, "    > Created Time    : ".strftime("%c")) 
        call append(line(".")+4, " ************************************************************************/") 
        call append(line(".")+5, "")
    endif
    if &filetype == 'cpp'
        call append(line(".")+6, "#include<iostream>")
    call append(line(".")+7, "")
        call append(line(".")+8, "using namespace std;")
        call append(line(".")+9, "")
        call append(line(".")+10, "int main(int argc,char *argv[])")
        call append(line(".")+11, "{")
        call append(line(".")+12, "     ")
        call append(line(".")+13, "    return 0;")
        call append(line(".")+14, "}")
    endif
    if &filetype == 'c'
        call append(line(".")+6, "#include<stdio.h>")
        call append(line(".")+7, "")
        call append(line(".")+8, "int main(int argc,char *argv[])")
        call append(line(".")+9, "{")
        call append(line(".")+10, "     ")
        call append(line(".")+11, "    return 0;")
        call append(line(".")+12, "}")
    autocmd BufNewFile * 12 j
    endif
endfunc
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"键盘命令
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"C，C++ 按F5编译运行
map <F5> :call CompileRunGcc()<CR>
func! CompileRunGcc()
    exec "w"
    if &filetype == 'c'
        exec "!gcc % -o %<"
        exec "! ./%<"
    elseif &filetype == 'cpp'
        exec "!g++ % -o %<"
        exec "! ./%<"
    elseif &filetype == 'sh'
        :!./%
    endif
endfunc
"C,C++的调试
map <C-F5> :call Rungdb()<CR>
func! Rungdb()
    exec "w"
    if &filetype == 'c'
        exec "!gcc % -g -o %<"
        exec "!gdb -tui ./%<"
    elseif &filetype == 'cpp'
        exec "!g++ % -g -o %<"
        exec "!gdb -tui ./%<"
    endif
endfunc
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
""实用设置
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 设置当文件被改动时自动载入
set autoread
" quickfix模式
autocmd FileType c,cpp map <buffer> <leader><space> :w<cr>:make<cr>
"代码补全 
set completeopt=preview,menu 
"允许插件  
filetype plugin on
"共享剪贴板  
set clipboard+=unnamed 
"从不备份  
set nobackup
"自动保存
set autowrite
set ruler                   " 打开状态栏标尺
set cursorline              " 突出显示当前行
set magic                   " 设置魔术
set guioptions-=T           " 隐藏工具栏
set guioptions-=m           " 隐藏菜单栏
set foldcolumn=0
set foldmethod=indent 
set foldlevel=3 
set foldenable              " 开始折叠
" 不要使用vi的键盘模式，而是vim自己的
set nocompatible
" 语法高亮
set syntax=on
" 去掉输入错误的提示声音
set noeb
" 在处理未保存或只读文件的时候，弹出确认
set confirm
" 自动缩进
set autoindent
set cindent
" Tab键的宽度
set tabstop=4
" 统一缩进为4
set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
"禁止生成临时文件
set nobackup
set noswapfile
"搜索忽略大小写
set ignorecase
"搜索逐字符高亮
set hlsearch
set incsearch
"行内替换
set gdefault
"编码设置
set enc=utf-8
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
"语言设置
set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-8
set helplang=cn
" 我的状态行显示的内容（包括文件类型和解码）
set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")}
"set statusline=[%F]%y%r%m%*%=[Line:%l/%L,Column:%c][%p%%]
"set statusline=\ %<%F[%1*%M%*%n%R%H]%=\ %y\ %0(%{&fileformat}\ %{&encoding}\ %c:%l/%L%)\
" 总是显示状态行
set laststatus=2
" 命令行（在状态行下）的高度，默认为1，这里是2
set cmdheight=2
" 侦测文件类型
filetype on
" 载入文件类型插件
filetype plugin on
" 为特定文件类型载入相关缩进文件
filetype indent on
" 保存全局变量
set viminfo+=!
" 在被分割的窗口间显示空白，便于阅读
set fillchars=vert:\ ,stl:\ ,stlnc:\
" 高亮显示匹配的括号
set showmatch
" 匹配括号高亮的时间（单位是十分之一秒）
set matchtime=1
" 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离
set scrolloff=3
" 为C程序提供自动缩进
set smartindent
" 高亮显示普通txt文件（需要txt.vim脚本）
au BufRead,BufNewFile *  setfiletype txt
"自动补全
":inoremap ( ()<ESC>i
":inoremap ) <c-r>=ClosePair(')')<CR>
:inoremap { {<CR>}<ESC>O
:inoremap } <c-r>=ClosePair('}')<CR>
":inoremap [ []<ESC>i
":inoremap ] <c-r>=ClosePair(']')<CR>
":inoremap " ""<ESC>i
":inoremap ' ''<ESC>i
function! ClosePair(char)
    if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] == a:char
        return "\<Right>"
    else
        return a:char
    endif
endfunction
filetype plugin indent on 
"打开文件类型检测, 加了这句才可以用智能补全
set completeopt=longest,menu