大家好,又见面了,我是你们的朋友全栈君。
最近的话,发现微信开发其实也有很多挺有意思的地方,比如最近很火的一款游戏“跳一跳”,也让我如此着迷。。但是,今天我所要讲的并不是对于小程序的开发,而是要说一下,关于微信开发的另外一个内容,那就是微信公众号。。
关于,什么是微信公众号,微信公众号怎么申请,这个我就不多说,这些基本的概念不在这里进行讲解,自己可以直接百度就可以找到很多的资源。而我主要讲解一下关于微信公众号开发中,一些比较重要和常见的知识点,所以,这个也并不是基础篇的文章哦~!好歹也要对微信公众号有一点了解才行。~!
描述:我们在刚开始接触微信公众号开发的时候,我想,一般情况下,很多人都是没有服务器的,简单点说,就是没有服务器IP,或者是公网访问的域名。然而,要想能够实现微信公众能能够与我们后台代码进行交互,那么肯定就需要有一个公网能够访问的地址,那么这怎么办好呢?
解法一:很简单呀,直接去新浪云,阿里云,华为云,买一个服务器呗,而且是学生的话,还有优惠,多好。。但是,这个又比较繁琐,里面又有配置内容啥的,一堆(比如,tomcat,mysql,jdk等等)。那么,看看第二种方法。。。。(但是,请记住,这个是想做服务端开发必须会的,如果你连部署项目都不会,你觉得公司对你的感觉如何?多一个技能就是一个优势)
解法二:反向代理。。如果,你是第一次听说这个名词,那么就赶紧恶补一下,这个名词的含义。我简单点说,就是通过反向代理的模式,来代理你本地的ip,以便能够在公网地址能够访问到本地的项目。。具体,请看下面,如何进行~!~!
步骤:(1)下载ogrok客户端———也就是反向代理的客户端,当然还有很多类似的,我这里就使用这个而已。
这个可以通过该链接进行下载ogrok下载链接
(2)解压刚下载好的客户端文件到自己的一个目录下
(3)通过cmd命令,进入DOS,并且进入到刚刚解压的ogrok目录下
(4)执行 ngrok -config=ngrok.cfg -subdomain xxx 8080 //(xxx 是你自定义的域名前缀)
比如,我这里就是xxx就是用myjavttest
结果:
(5)这样的话,我们就可以通过上面的地址进行访问本地的项目了。(原来都是用的localhost:8080/login.jsp或者127.0.0.1:8080/login.jsp),当然,前提是本地有一个开启的项目,这样才可以,别本地都没有项目开启,就用公网去访问,你觉得,它能够访问么?所以,请别忘记这一点。
首先,我们通过第一步,我们就能够得到一个以公网地址访问的一个IP(域名),那么既然要使得微信公众号能够与后台进行关联,那么肯定需要配置微信公众号的具体对应的服务器地址了。
步骤:(1)首先,进入微信公众号开发官网,并且进行登陆
(2)
(3)
(4)
OK,配置到这个的话,就简单的,将基本的配置进行设置好了。。那么,下面才是关键,进入真正的开发阶段。。
如果微信端,要与后台进行关联,那么当用户进行与后台交互的时候,后台就需要采取,身份验证,而这个是通过GET方式的请求,而只有通过的才可以进行后续的处理。所以,如何进行,那么就看下面的代码:这里讲解两种形式~~~~
第一种:(采取Servlet)
@WebServlet(name = "ConnectWeChatServlet")
public class ConnectWeChatServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
/**
* 进行验证是否身份匹配
* @param request
* @param response
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
System.out.println(""+signature +"@"+timestamp +"$"+nonce +"^"+echostr);
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
if(CheckConnectUtils.checkConncetWithWeChat(signature,timestamp,nonce)){
out.print(echostr);
}
}
验证的代码:
package com.hnu.scw.utils;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-17 9:28
* @desc 检查微信和服务器是否链接成功
**/
public class CheckConnectUtils {
private static final String token = "wechat"; //这个就是微信公众号之前配置的token,必须保持一致
/**
* 判断是否链接匹配
* @param signature
* @param timestamp
* @param nonce
* @return
*/
public static boolean checkConncetWithWeChat(String signature,String timestamp,String nonce){
String[] arr = new String[]{token,timestamp,nonce};
//排序
Arrays.sort(arr);
//生成字符串
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (String str:arr) {
stringBuilder.append(str);
}
//进行SHA1加密
String encodeString = passSha1Encode(stringBuilder.toString());
if(signature.equals(encodeString)){
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
/**
* 字符串进行SHA1加密
* @param str
* @return
*/
public static String passSha1Encode(String str){
if(str == null || str.length() == 0){
return null;
}
char hexDigits[] = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'
,'a','b','c','d','e','f'};
try{
MessageDigest mdTemp = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
mdTemp.update(str.getBytes());
byte[] md = mdTemp.digest();
int j = md.length;
char[] buf = new char[j*2];
int k = 0;
for(int i=0 ; i <j ; i++){
byte byte0 = md[i];
buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>>4 & 0xf];
buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];
}
return new String(buf);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
return null;
}
}
}
第二种:(采取框架,比如SpringMVC+Spring+Hibernate)
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-18 11:38
* @desc 微信前端连接的主要控制类
**/
@Controller
public class WeChatDogPrimaryController {
/**
* 进行微信用户验证,只能是Get方法
* @param request
* @param response
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/wechat" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
public void connectValidate(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
System.out.println(""+signature +"@"+timestamp +"$"+nonce +"^"+echostr);
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
if(CheckConnectUtils.checkConncetWithWeChat(signature,timestamp,nonce)){
out.print(echostr);
}
}
/**
* 客户端进行的消息处理
* @param request
* @param response
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/wechat" ,method = RequestMethod.POST)
public void disposeClientMessage(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws IOException {
}
(三)微信客户端与后台进行消息交互(比如,文本,图片,视频,音频)
消息的实体类:
package com.hnu.scw.model;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-17 13:37
* @desc 对于所有消息的基本父类
**/
public class BaseMessage {
private String ToUserName;
private String FromUserName;
private String CreateTime;
private String MsgType;
public String getToUserName() {
return ToUserName;
}
public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
ToUserName = toUserName;
}
public String getFromUserName() {
return FromUserName;
}
public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
FromUserName = fromUserName;
}
public String getCreateTime() {
return CreateTime;
}
public void setCreateTime(String createTime) {
CreateTime = createTime;
}
public String getMsgType() {
return MsgType;
}
public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
MsgType = msgType;
}
}
package com.hnu.scw.model;
/**
* @author SCW
* @create 2018-01-17 15:08
* @desc 图片的基本类
**/
public class ImageBase {
private String MediaId;
public String getMediaId() {
return MediaId;
}
public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
MediaId = mediaId;
}
}
package com.hnu.scw.model;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-17 15:09
* @desc 图片消息
**/
public class ImageMessage extends BaseMessage {
private ImageBase Image ;
public ImageBase getImageBase() {
return Image;
}
public void setImageBase(ImageBase Image) {
this.Image = Image;
}
}
package com.hnu.scw.model;
/**
* @author Administrator
* @create 2018-01-17 16:45
* @desc 音乐类型的基本类
**/
public class MusicBase {
private String Title;
private String Description;
private String MusicUrl;
private String HQMusicUrl;
private String ThumbMediaId;
public String getTitle() {
return Title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
Title = title;
}
public String getDescription() {
return Description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
Description = description;
}
public String getMusicUrl() {
return MusicUrl;
}
public void setMusicUrl(String musicUrl) {
MusicUrl = musicUrl;
}
public String getHQMusicUrl() {
return HQMusicUrl;
}
public void setHQMusicUrl(String HQMusicUrl) {
this.HQMusicUrl = HQMusicUrl;
}
public String getThumbMediaId() {
return ThumbMediaId;
}
public void setThumbMediaId(String thumbMediaId) {
ThumbMediaId = thumbMediaId;
}
}
package com.hnu.scw.model;
/**
* @author Administrator
* @create 2018-01-17 16:46
* @desc 用于包装音乐的实体
**/
public class MusicMessage extends BaseMessage {
private MusicBase Music;
public MusicBase getMusic() {
return Music;
}
public void setMusic(MusicBase music) {
Music = music;
}
}
package com.hnu.scw.model;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-17 10:03
* @desc 文本消息的内容
**/
public class MyTestMessage extends BaseMessage{
private String Content;
private String MsgId;
public String getContent() {
return Content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
Content = content;
}
public String getMsgId() {
return MsgId;
}
public void setMsgId(String msgId) {
MsgId = msgId;
}
}
package com.hnu.scw.model;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-17 13:38
* @desc 对于图文消息最内层结构的实体类
**/
public class NewsBase {
private String Title;
private String Description;
private String PicUrl;
private String Url;
public String getTitle() {
return Title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
Title = title;
}
public String getDescription() {
return Description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
Description = description;
}
public String getPicUrl() {
return PicUrl;
}
public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) {
PicUrl = picUrl;
}
public String getUrl() {
return Url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
Url = url;
}
}
package com.hnu.scw.model;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-17 13:35
* @desc 对于图文消息的实体类
**/
public class NewsMessage extends BaseMessage{
private int ArticleCount;
private List<NewsBase> Articles;
public int getArticleCount() {
return ArticleCount;
}
public void setArticleCount(int articleCount) {
ArticleCount = articleCount;
}
public List<NewsBase> getArticles() {
return Articles;
}
public void setArticles(List<NewsBase> articles) {
Articles = articles;
}
}
消息封装工具类:
package com.hnu.scw.utils;
import com.hnu.scw.model.*;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-17 9:52
* @desc 用户转换消息的格式
**/
public class MessageUtils {
/**
* 定义多种消息类型
*/
public static final String MESSAGE_TEXT = "text";
public static final String MESSAGE_IMAGE = "image";
public static final String MESSAGE_VOICE = "voice";
public static final String MESSAGE_MUSIC = "music";
public static final String MESSAGE_VIDEO = "video";
public static final String MESSAGE_LINK = "link";
public static final String MESSAGE_LOCATION = "location";
public static final String MESSAGE_EVENT = "event";
public static final String MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE = "subscribe";
public static final String MESSAGE_UNSUBSCRIBE = "unsubscribe";
public static final String MESSAGE_CLICK = "CLICK";
public static final String MESSAGE_VIEW = "VIEW";
//扫码事件
public static final String MESSAGE_SCANCODE = "scancode_push";
/**
* XML格式转为map格式
* @param request
* @return
*/
public static Map<String , String> xmlToMap(HttpServletRequest request){
Map<String ,String> map = new HashMap<String , String>();
try {
InputStream inputStream =null;
inputStream = request.getInputStream();
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document doc = reader.read(inputStream);
Element rootElement = doc.getRootElement();
List<Element> elements = rootElement.elements();
for (Element el:elements) {
map.put(el.getName() , el.getText());
}
inputStream.close();
return map ;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null ;
}
}
/**
* 文本消息对象转为xml格式
* @param myTestMessage
* @return
*/
public static String textMessage2Xml(MyTestMessage myTestMessage){
XStream xStream = new XStream();
xStream.alias("xml" , myTestMessage.getClass());
return xStream.toXML(myTestMessage);
}
/**
* 将图文消息对象转化为图文格式的XML
* @return
*/
public static String newsMessage2XML(NewsMessage newsMessage){
XStream xStream = new XStream();
//将需要修改的一些标签进行替换
xStream.alias("xml" , newsMessage.getClass());
xStream.alias("item" , new NewsBase().getClass());
return xStream.toXML(newsMessage);
}
/**
* 设置需要返回的图文信息
* @param fromUserName
* @param toUserName
* @return
*/
public static String initNewSMessage(String fromUserName , String toUserName ){
String message = null;
List<NewsBase> newList = new ArrayList<NewsBase>();
NewsMessage newsMessage = new NewsMessage();
NewsBase newsBase = new NewsBase();
newsBase.setTitle("我是图文消息");
newsBase.setDescription("测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试测试");
newsBase.setPicUrl("https://ss0.bdstatic.com/70cFuHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=677717294,4155848424&fm=27&gp=0.jpg")
newsBase.setUrl("www.baidu.com");
//添加图文消息的内容
newList.add(newsBase);
//注意接受消息和发送消息的顺序要反过来,因为现在是从服务器进行发送了,而客户端是接收端了
newsMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
newsMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
newsMessage.setCreateTime(String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
newsMessage.setMsgType("news");
newsMessage.setArticleCount(newList.size());
newsMessage.setArticles(newList);
//调用转为图文的XML
return MessageUtils.newsMessage2XML(newsMessage);
}
/**
* 设置需要返回的文本信息
* @param fromUserName
* @param toUserName
* @param content
* @return
*/
public static String initText(String fromUserName , String toUserName , String content){
MyTestMessage text = new MyTestMessage();
//注意接受消息和发送消息的顺序要烦过来
text.setFromUserName(toUserName);
text.setToUserName(fromUserName);
text.setMsgType(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_TEXT);
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
text.setCreateTime(String.valueOf(time));
text.setContent(content);
return MessageUtils.textMessage2Xml(text);
}
/**
* 设置订阅时,返回菜单的内容
* @return
*/
public static String menuText(){
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("菜单1:回复数字1,有惊喜\n");
stringBuilder.append("菜单2:回复数字2,有惊喜\n");
stringBuilder.append("菜单3:回复数字3,有惊喜\n");
stringBuilder.append("菜单4:回复数字3,有惊喜\n");
stringBuilder.append("菜单5:回复数字3,有惊喜\n");
stringBuilder.append("菜单6:回复数字未知的东东,也还有有惊喜哦\n");
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
/**
* 回复关键字"1"的时候的内容
* @return
*/
public static String inputNumber1(){
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("我是惊喜111,哈哈,惊喜不惊喜!");
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
/**
* 回复关键字"2"的时候的内容
* @return
*/
public static String inputNumber2(){
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("我是惊喜2222,哈哈,惊喜不惊喜!");
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
/**
* 返回图片消息(对于视频和音频都是一样的方式,只需要更改类型即可,即将Image修改为video,voice)
* @param fromUserName
* @param toUserName
* @return
*/
public static String initImageMessage(String fromUserName , String toUserName ){
ImageBase imageBase = new ImageBase();
//这个media_Id是在之前执行过上传图片返回得到的信息
imageBase.setMediaId("HK17wQmCupESK4B9u14PqI4w3gtteXhUtGgriJW6G5c8O-Y0OsjGbYfQYhGDbYDx");
ImageMessage imageMessage = new ImageMessage();
imageMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
imageMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
imageMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_IMAGE);
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
imageMessage.setCreateTime(String.valueOf(time));
imageMessage.setImageBase(imageBase);
return imageMessage2XML(imageMessage);
}
/**
* 将图片消息对象转化为图片格式的XML
* @return
*/
public static String imageMessage2XML(ImageMessage imageMessage){
XStream xStream = new XStream();
//将需要修改的一些标签进行替换
xStream.alias("xml" , imageMessage.getClass());
xStream.alias("Image" , new ImageBase().getClass());
return xStream.toXML(imageMessage);
}
/**
* 将音乐消息对象转化为图片格式的XML
* @return
*/
public static String musicMessage2XML(MusicMessage musicMessage){
XStream xStream = new XStream();
//将需要修改的一些标签进行替换
xStream.alias("xml" , musicMessage.getClass());
xStream.alias("Music" , new MusicBase().getClass());
return xStream.toXML(musicMessage);
}
/**
* 返回音乐消息
* @param fromUserName
* @param toUserName
* @return
*/
public static String initMusicMessage(String fromUserName , String toUserName ){
MusicBase musicBase = new MusicBase();
//这个ThumbMediaId是在之前执行过上传缩略图返回得到的信息(这个和上传图片的方法是一样的,都是调用pictureUtils中的上传方法)
musicBase.setThumbMediaId("vJOi5E4_U91onQnsayPdkzxted6ZctEAEzcoLd3BJ8a00gJLuhEmTckF6S2XkS5R");
musicBase.setTitle("来一首音乐");
musicBase.setDescription("静静的听首歌吧!");
//设置高质量音质的歌曲路径,可以和一般音质音乐的路径一样
musicBase.setHQMusicUrl("http://myjava.ngrok.xiaomiqiu.cn/resource/mymusic.mp3");
//设置音乐的路径
musicBase.setMusicUrl("http://myjava.ngrok.xiaomiqiu.cn/resource/mymusic.mp3");
MusicMessage musicMessage = new MusicMessage();
musicMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
musicMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
//设置类型为音乐
musicMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_MUSIC);
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
musicMessage.setCreateTime(String.valueOf(time));
musicMessage.setMusic(musicBase);
return musicMessage2XML(musicMessage);
}
}
交互主类:
package com.hnu.scw.controller;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.CheckConnectUtils;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.MessageUtils;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.WeiXinUserInfoUtiols;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-18 11:38
* @desc 微信前端连接的主要控制类
**/
@Controller
public class WeChatDogPrimaryController {
/**
* 进行微信用户验证,只能是Get方法
* @param request
* @param response
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/wechat" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
public void connectValidate(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
System.out.println(""+signature +"@"+timestamp +"$"+nonce +"^"+echostr);
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
if(CheckConnectUtils.checkConncetWithWeChat(signature,timestamp,nonce)){
out.print(echostr);
}
}
/**
* 客户端进行的消息处理
* @param request
* @param response
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/wechat" ,method = RequestMethod.POST)
public void disposeClientMessage(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws IOException {
backTestFunction(request , response );
}
/**
* 文字回复功能开发
* @param request
* @param response
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
public void backTestFunction(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws IOException {
//防止进行post提交和响应的消息乱码
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
try{
//将发送过来的消息XML形式转为map内容
Map<String , String> map = MessageUtils.xmlToMap(request);
String fromUserName = map.get("FromUserName");
String toUserName = map.get("ToUserName");
String msgType = map.get("MsgType");
String content = map.get("Content");
String message = null ;
if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_TEXT.equals(msgType)){
//进行关键字回复功能
if("1".equals(content)){
message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName,MessageUtils.inputNumber1());
}else if("2".equals(content)){
message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName,MessageUtils.inputNumber2());
}
else if("3".equals(content)){
//客户端输入“3”,返回一条图文消息
message = MessageUtils.initNewSMessage(fromUserName,toUserName);
}else if("4".equals(content)){
//客户端输入“4”,返回一条图片消息
message = MessageUtils.initImageMessage(fromUserName,toUserName);
}else if("5".equals(content)){
//客户端输入“5”,返回一首音乐消息
message = MessageUtils.initMusicMessage(fromUserName,toUserName);
}else if("6".equals(content)){
//测试是否能够获取用户的信息
message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName, WeiXinUserInfoUtiols.getUserInfo(fromUserName));
}else if(content.startsWith("翻译")){
//客户端输入“以翻译开头”,返回对应的翻译信息
/*String translateResult = TranslationUtils.translate(content.substring(2,content.length()));
message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , translateResult);*/
}else {
message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName,"你发送的消息是:" + content);
}
}else if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_EVENT.equals(msgType)){
String eventType = map.get("Event");
//完成订阅时候返回的内容
if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE .equals(eventType)){
message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , MessageUtils.menuText());
}else if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_CLICK .equals(eventType)){
//进行的是click按钮的点击事件(这里就推送一下主菜单内容)
message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , MessageUtils.menuText());
}else if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_VIEW .equals(eventType)){
//进行的是view按钮的点击事件(这里就推送一下主菜单内容)
String viewUrl = map.get("EventKey");
message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , viewUrl);
}else if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_SCANCODE .equals(eventType)) {
//进行的是扫码事件
String key = map.get("EventKey");
message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , key);
}
}else if(MessageUtils.MESSAGE_LOCATION .equals(msgType)) {
//进行的是地理位置信息
String label = map.get("Label");
message = MessageUtils.initText(fromUserName,toUserName , label);
}
//打印输出的xml格式内容,方便进行调试
System.out.println(message);
out.print(message);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
out.close();
}
}
}
Access_Token是一个全局的票据,调用任何的高级接口,都需要这个,所以这个非常非常的重要
具体代码:
package com.hnu.scw.utils;
import com.hnu.scw.menu.BaseButton;
import com.hnu.scw.menu.ClickButton;
import com.hnu.scw.menu.CustomeMenu;
import com.hnu.scw.menu.ViewButton;
import com.hnu.scw.model.AccessToken;
import com.hnu.scw.projectconst.ProjectConst;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-17 14:13
* @desc 用户获取access_token,众号调用各接口时都需使用access_token
**/
public class WeiXinUtils {
/**
* 微信公众号的APPID和Appsecret,这个是每个微信公众号都唯一的,以后配置不同的公众号配置这里即可
*/
private static final String APPID = "自己公众号对应的内容";
private static final String APPSECRET = "自己公众号对应的内容";
//获取access_token的URL
private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";
//进行创建菜单的接口URL
private static final String CREATE_MENU_URL ="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
//菜单查询的接口URL
private static final String QUERY_MENU_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/get?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
//菜单删除的接口URL
private static final String DELETE_MENU_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/delete?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
/**
* Get请求,方便到一个url接口来获取结果
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static JSONObject doGetStr(String url){
DefaultHttpClient defaultHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try{
HttpResponse response = defaultHttpClient.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if(entity != null){
String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(result);
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return jsonObject;
}
/**
* 带参数的post请求,方便到一个url接口来获取结果
* @param url
* @param outStr
* @return
*/
public static JSONObject doPostStr(String url , String outStr) {
DefaultHttpClient defaultHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try {
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(outStr , "UTF-8"));
HttpResponse response = defaultHttpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if(entity != null){
String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(result);
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return jsonObject;
}
/**
* 获取access_token
* @return
*/
public static AccessToken getAccessToken(){
AccessToken accessToken = new AccessToken();
String url = ACCESS_TOKEN_URL.replace("APPID" ,APPID).replace("APPSECRET",APPSECRET);
JSONObject jsonObject = doGetStr(url);
if(jsonObject !=null){
accessToken.setToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
accessToken.setExpireIn(jsonObject.getLong("expires_in"));
}
return accessToken;
}
测试是否成功获取:
package com.hnu.scw.test;
import com.hnu.scw.model.AccessToken;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.WeiXinAccessTokenKeepAlive;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.WeiXinUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-18 15:21
* @desc 用于对Access_token内容相关的测试
**/
public class AccessTokenTest {
/**
* 获取到Access_Token,这个对于要想使用其他的微信接口,就必须要有这个进行验证
*/
@Test
public void getAccssTokenTest(){
AccessToken accessToken = WeiXinUtils.getAccessToken();
System.out.println("token:" +accessToken.getToken());
System.out.println("有效时间:" +accessToken.getExpireIn());
}
}
下面的代码,就接着(四)中的类写就可以了,因为都属于微信开发的工具类
步骤:
(1)创建菜单按钮的实体对象类
BaseButton:
package com.hnu.scw.menu;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-17 17:20
* @desc 最基础的Button
**/
public class BaseButton {
private String type;
private String name;
//子按钮(也可以理解为二级菜单)
private BaseButton[] sub_button;
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public BaseButton[] getSub_button() {
return sub_button;
}
public void setSub_button(BaseButton[] sub_button) {
this.sub_button = sub_button;
}
}
clickButton:
package com.hnu.scw.menu;
/**
* @author Administrator
* @create 2018-01-17 17:21
* @desc Click类型的Button实体
**/
public class ClickButton extends BaseButton {
private String key;
public String getKey() {
return key;
}
public void setKey(String key) {
this.key = key;
}
}
viewButton:
package com.hnu.scw.menu;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-17 17:22
* @desc 类型是View的按钮实体
**/
public class ViewButton extends BaseButton{
private String url;
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
}
CustomerMenu菜单定义:
package com.hnu.scw.menu;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-17 17:23
* @desc 自定义菜单的实体
**/
public class CustomeMenu {
//对菜单按钮进行封装
private BaseButton[] button;
public BaseButton[] getButton() {
return button;
}
public void setButton(BaseButton[] button) {
this.button = button;
}
}
(2)调用接口,进行菜单的创建
/**
* 设置菜单的形式
* @return
*/
public static CustomeMenu initMenu(){
CustomeMenu customeMenu = new CustomeMenu();
ClickButton clickButton = new ClickButton();
clickButton.setName("click菜单");
clickButton.setType("click");
clickButton.setKey("01");
ViewButton viewButton = new ViewButton();
viewButton.setName("view菜单");
viewButton.setType("view");
viewButton.setUrl("需要访问的地址");
ClickButton clickButton2 = new ClickButton();
clickButton2.setName("扫码事件的click菜单");
clickButton2.setType("scancode_push");
clickButton2.setKey("02");
ClickButton clickButton3 = new ClickButton();
clickButton3.setName("地理位置的click菜单");
clickButton3.setType("location_select");
clickButton3.setKey("03");
BaseButton baseButton = new BaseButton();
baseButton.setName("菜单");
//将clickButton2,clickButton3作为一个子菜单中的按钮
baseButton.setSub_button(new BaseButton[]{clickButton2,clickButton3});
//把按钮分别放入到菜单中
customeMenu.setButton(new BaseButton[]{clickButton,viewButton,baseButton});
return customeMenu;
}
/**
* 创建自定义菜单
* @param token
* @param menu
* @return
*/
public static int createMenu(String token , String menu){
int result = 0;
String url = CREATE_MENU_URL.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN" ,token);
JSONObject jsonObject = doPostStr(url, menu);
if(jsonObject != null){
//接受返回回来的参数,如果是0,就是创建成功
result = jsonObject.getInt("errcode");
}
return result;
}
/**
* 对菜单进行查询
* @param token
* @return
*/
public static JSONObject queryMenu(String token){
String url = QUERY_MENU_URL.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN" ,token);
JSONObject jsonObject = doGetStr(url);
return jsonObject;
}
/**
* 对菜单进行删除
* @param token
* @return
*/
public static JSONObject deleteMenu(String token){
String url = DELETE_MENU_URL.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN" ,token);
JSONObject jsonObject = doGetStr(url);
return jsonObject;
}
(3)生成菜单
package com.hnu.scw.test;
import com.hnu.scw.model.AccessToken;
import com.hnu.scw.utils.WeiXinUtils;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* @author scw
* @create 2018-01-18 15:21
* @desc 菜单相关的测试
**/
public class MenuTest {
/**
* 创建菜单
*/
@Test
public void creatMenuTest(){
//获取到access_token
AccessToken accessToken = WeiXinUtils.getAccessToken();
//获取到自定义菜单的格式(JSONObject将对象转为json,然后再需要转为字符串型)
String menu = JSONObject.fromObject(WeiXinUtils.initMenu()).toString();
//调用创建菜单
int result = WeiXinUtils.createMenu(accessToken.getToken(), menu);
if(result == 0){
//如果调用方法之后,返回的是0,那么就表示创建成功。
System.out.println("创建成功");
}else{
System.out.println("创建失败");
}
}
/**
* 查询菜单
*/
@Test
public void queryMenuTest(){
//获取到access_token
AccessToken accessToken = WeiXinUtils.getAccessToken();
//调用菜单查询的方法,返回是的一个Json格式
JSONObject jsonObject = WeiXinUtils.queryMenu(accessToken.getToken());
System.out.println(jsonObject);
}
/**
* 删除菜单
*/
@Test
public void deleteMenuTest(){
//获取到access_token
AccessToken accessToken = WeiXinUtils.getAccessToken();
//调用菜单查询的方法,返回是的一个Json格式
JSONObject jsonObject = WeiXinUtils.deleteMenu(accessToken.getToken());
if(jsonObject.getInt("errcode") == 0){
//返回0,表示的是删除成功
System.out.println("删除成功");
}else{
System.out.println("删除失败");
}
}
}
上面就是一些基本的微信公众号的交互了,刚刚接触可能不是很熟,慢慢的就了解了之后,其实也很简单的,当然,对于其中的一些高级接口的使用,可以看看我其他的文章,都有提到。。如果有问题,不明白的地方,欢迎进行交流和留言~!另外,推荐了比较好的学习资源,就是慕课网,这里面对于比较基础的微信公众号开发还是讲解的比较好,再结合我的文章,肯定是没有任何问题的。。。。
https:https://github.com/qq496616246/WeChatCode.git
git地址:git@github.com:qq496616246/WeChatCode.git
发布者:全栈程序员栈长,转载请注明出处:https://javaforall.cn/171591.html原文链接:https://javaforall.cn